The romantic period essays

The sentimental period articles The Romantic Period/Era created a plenty of incredible compositions. It was a time of incredible change and liberation ( ). While the Classical period had exacting laws of parity and restriction, the Romantic time moved away from that by permitting aesthetic opportunity, experimentation and inventiveness ( ). Sentimental thoughts revolved around workmanship as motivation, the profound and tasteful element of nature, and analogies of natural development. Workmanship, instead of science, Romantics contended, could best communicate generally accepted fact. The Romantics underscored the significance of expressive craftsmanship for the individual and society ( ). The advancement of oneself turned into a significant topic; mindfulness an essential technique. On the off chance that, as indicated by Romantic hypothesis, self and nature were one, mindfulness was not an egotistical impasse but rather a method of information opening up the universe ( ). In the event that ones self were unified with all humankind, at that point the individual had an ethical obligation to change social disparities and mitigate human enduring ( ). In contrast to European gatherings, visionaries never gave a statement. They demanded singular contrasts on the extraordinary perspective of the person. American Transcendentalists Romantics pushed radical independence to the outrageous. It focused on independence, confirmed the estimation of the regular individual, and sought the propelled creative mind for its stylish and moral qualities. Positively the New England TranscendentalistsRalph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and their partners including William Wordsworth and William Butler Yeats were enlivened to another hopeful assertion by the Romantic development ( ). Thoreau was the pioneer for a large portion of the visionaries, his showstopper Walden, a consequence of two years living in a lodge, formed the perspectives on essayist to come. In Walden, Thoreau not just tests the speculations of Transcendentalism, he re-sanctions the aggregate American experience of the nineteenth century: living on the boondocks. Thoreau f... <!

Research paper High School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research paper High School - Essay Example Stiva contemplates out loud what he ought to do. The story consolidates his continuous flow and the third individual point of view in the writing in Part One, Chapter One; ' Yet what could possibly be done's to be done he said to himself hopelessly, and found no answer.' (Tolstoy 3). Tolstoy built up his omniscient accounts to portray various tones of voices while stepping in the shoes of the different characters. For instance, the omniscient storyteller who expounds on Stiva utilizes a casual tone to mirror Stiva's character. At the point when the storyteller expounds on Levin, the tone is tense. It tells that Levin is cumbersome in social habits since he is straightforward. Levin and Stiva are alloted inverse tones in stories in light of the fact that their characters are contrary energies. Levin's misery with the political atmosphere is delineated in this account with Levin and Stiva in Part One, Chapter Five, when this is recorded about Levin; ' On one side it's a toy; they play at being a parliament, and I'm neither youthful enough nor mature enough to discover delight in toys; and on the opposite side (he stammered) it's a methods for the cadre of the area to bring in cash. Once in the past they had wardships, courtrooms, presently they have the area board - not as pay-offs, yet as unmerited pay, he stated, as fervently just as somebody of those present had restricted his supposition.' Tolstoy utilized the characters to ... Her better half put her with me, and I was enchanted to have her... ' Tolstoy utilizes the Countess to voice an alternate assessment of Anna towards the finish of the novel. Tolstoy built up Anna's storyteller to develop with her job in the novel. First and foremost, she is the effective mediator who win's Dolly's hand back for he sibling, Stiva. The storyteller shows Anna's guile procedure of compassion, sympathy, acclaim, and inevitable triumph. Tolstoy has built up the story to try and utilize the stops productively. For instance, in Part One, Chapter Nineteen, Anna says; ' I don't have the foggiest idea, I can't judge.... Indeed, I can, said Anna, thinking a second; and getting a handle on the situation in her idea and gauging it in her inward parity, she included: Truly, I can, I can, I can. Indeed, I could excuse it. I was unable to be the equivalent, no; yet I could pardon it, and excuse it as if it had never been, never been at all... ' Towards the finish of the novel in Part Eight, Chapter Thirty-One, Anna has changed into an alternate lady. She is not, at this point smug in her old pragmatist perspectives on her Russian culture or European worl d. The portrayal depicts her as a genuine appalling champion who surrenders her marriage for adoration with Vronsky. Vronsky bombs her. The story depicts Anna as getting befuddled. She adds importance to all that she sees. At this stage, Tolstoy is attempting to move his novel, from the pragmatist mode into the pioneer. This takeoff from authenticity shows when Anna's musings leave the insignificant day by day encounters and she attempts to add further implications to the standard exercises. The tale presents innovation at that point. In Part Eight, Chapter Thirty-One, the portrayal records Anna as saying; 'Yes, I'm a lot of stressed, and that is the thing that reason was

2.Develop A Campaign To Position Newcastle As A Leading Digital City

2.Develop A Campaign To Position Newcastle As A Leading Digital City 2.Develop A Campaign To Position Newcastle As A Leading Digital City On The National And â€" Essay Example > PUBLIC RELATIONS PLAN PROPOSALTopic: A public relations plan proposal for Newcastle City. This is a proposal for the development of a public relations plan for Newcastle City; the plan will include all the communication plans and public relation strategies for the company. Target publicThe public relation plan is developed in an attempt to improve the public image and perception of the company and to increase the customer base for the company’s products and services. The targeted population includes: The Newcastle city residents. Businesses Suppliers, distributors and other stakeholdersThe current and prospective consumers of the company’s products and services. Strategy The plan shall be developed by first assessing the situation in the company. This will include identification of the company’s vision, mission, objectives and goals. It will also entail an assessment of the operations and activities carried out in the company, how these operations are carries out and who is in charge of the various activities. This will provide a clear understanding of the communication channels and protocols which are important in the creation of the communication plan. An assessment of the stakeholders, the consumers, shareholders and the prospective customers shall be done to provide an understanding of the range of consumers and their needs, the suppliers and all other stakeholders in order to provide a clear understanding of the public in order to create an effective public relation plan. Research and situational analysis (SWOT)Newcastle City is situated in the New South Wales and has a declining population of over 154,000 people. It is a town famous for coal mining and exports. Other minerals are copper, soap and steel. Strengths: Newcastle City has real concentration of talent where most of its youthful generation and middle age are pro technology and communications. This city has numerous educational and research institutions who are developing the literate d igital workforce. Historically, the city is the largest and second oldest in New South Wales. This has provided a great history of business friendliness through provision of talented human resource. It boasts of a world class infrastructure that has been complimented by the unique lifestyle and pace of the city. Weaknesses: The Australian city is still seen as an industrial hub with many people still focused on the aftermath of industrial revolution. The digital readiness is still low as compared to the exposure most residents have attained. Despite being knowledge based economy there is still some reluctance to increase the uptake of digital media and applications. The high speed broadband network is still underway and it seem the residents are yet to learn the importance of digital economic revolution before applying in their daily activities. Opportunities: The city has adorable infrastructure comprising of a rail, air, world class broadband of which it has been prioritized by t he National Broadband Network Program of the Australian government. The connection speed is super with connections to many businesses and households. The city is actually a driving steering for Australia’s economy owing to their possession of the knowledge based economy. The government is committed at all levels to support domestic business and academic institutions which are provided with unrestricted access to incubator programs and business support services. The people have the capability to network on both social and commercial environments while enthusiastic on generating new ideas, partnership and innovation.

Tardiness High School and Copyright - 1848 Words

A. Background of the Study Tardiness has already become a habit of the high school students of Manresa school. Most of them come to school, attend their classes and scheduled appointments not on time. They all have their own reasons; traffic, working slow, waking up late, etc. Most of the students in Manresa School, are even residents of BF Homes. Some are even residing in the Manresa Village, and still, they are arriving late. They are residents who have been probably living in the village, or subdivision all their lives, who should have already put into consideration the usual problems they would encounter when they go to school. Many teachers get disappointed, but up to now, the students are still unaware of what they are†¦show more content†¦8. Disturbance (n) – the act of disturbing, the state of being disturbed; commotion; something that disturbs. 9. Excessive (adj) – more than is acceptable : beyond what is considered acceptable, proper, usual or unnecessary 10. Excuse (v)  œ to pardon or overlook (a fault, offense, etc.); to offer a reason or apology for (an error, fault, etc.); to serve as a reason for; justify. 11. Habit (n) – a tendency to repeat an act again and again; a behavior pattern that has a degree of automatism. 12. Late (adj) - occurring after usual or expected time. 13. Manner (n) – a method of doing something; behavior; type or kind; habit; social behavior. 14. Misconduct (n) – formal word for improper behavior, especially by a professional person; dishonest management; improper behavior. 15. Offense (n) – the act of offending; a fault, sin or crime; the act of injuring another’s feelings; the state of being offended; assault or attack in sports, the team members. 16. Policy (n) – any system of management based on self-interest as opposed to equity finesse in general; artifice. 17. Prevention (n) – act of intervening in order to prevent something; preventing or being prevented. 18. Procr astinate (v) – a formal word meaning to delay or put off to a later time. 19. Prolong (v) – to make longer in time;Show MoreRelatedSOLUTION MHR Brewster Seaview Case Study Essay2017 Words   |  9 Pageshandled the paperwork (payroll, bills, estimates, and so on), but also worked along with the crew six days a week. The crew consisted of five guys ranging in age from 17 to 20 years. We all lived in towns around Seaview and had gone to the regional high school, which was located in Seaview. Only two of us were attending college, but all had been hired personally by Joe following a short, informal interview. I can’t be completely certain about the others, but I think all of us and several others soughtRead MoreOverview of Hrm93778 Words   |  376 Pageslearning objectives. 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Classic Literature Terms

The Lost Symbol Chapter 62-66 Free Essays

CHAPTER 62 I’m under Second Street. Langdon’s eyes remained tightly shut as the conveyor rumbled through the darkness toward the Adams Building. He did his best not to picture the tons of earth overhead and the narrow tube through which he was now traveling. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lost Symbol Chapter 62-66 or any similar topic only for you Order Now He could hear Katherine breathing several yards ahead of him, but so far, she had not uttered a word. She’s in shock. Langdon was not looking forward to telling her about her brother’s severed hand. You have to, Robert. She needs to know. â€Å"Katherine?† Langdon finally said, without opening his eyes. â€Å"Are you okay?† A tremulous, disembodied voice replied somewhere up ahead. â€Å"Robert, the pyramid you’re carrying. It’s Peter’s, isn’t it?† â€Å"Yes,† Langdon replied. A long silence followed. â€Å"I think . . . that pyramid is why my mother was murdered.† Langdon was well aware that Isabel Solomon had been murdered ten years ago, but he didn’t know the details, and Peter had never mentioned anything about a pyramid. â€Å"What are you talking about?† Katherine’s voice filled with emotion as she recounted the harrowing events of that night, how the tattooed man had broken into their estate. â€Å"It was a long time ago, but I’ll never forget that he demanded a pyramid. He said he heard about the pyramid in prison, from my nephew, Zachary . . . right before he killed him.† Langdon listened in amazement. The tragedy within the Solomon family was almost beyond belief. Katherine continued, telling Langdon that she had always believed the intruder was killed that night . . . that is, until this same man had resurfaced today, posing as Peter’s psychiatrist and luring Katherine to his home. â€Å"He knew private things about my brother, my mother’s death, and even my work,† she said anxiously, â€Å"things he could only have learned from my brother. And so I trusted him . . . and that’s how he got inside the Smithsonian Museum Support Center.† Katherine took a deep breath and told Langdon she was nearly certain the man had destroyed her lab tonight. Langdon listened in utter shock. For several moments, the two of them lay together in silence on the moving conveyor. Langdon knew he had an obligation to share with Katherine the rest of tonight’s terrible news. He began slowly, and as gently as he possibly could he told her how her brother had entrusted him with a small package years earlier, how Langdon had been tricked into bringing this package to Washington tonight, and finally, about her brother’s hand having been found in the Rotunda of the Capitol Building. Katherine’s reaction was deafening silence. Langdon could tell she was reeling, and he wished he could reach out and comfort her, but lying end to end in the narrow blackness made it impossible. â€Å"Peter’s okay,† he whispered. â€Å"He’s alive, and we’ll get him back.† Langdon tried to give her hope. â€Å"Katherine, his captor promised me your brother would be returned alive . . . as long as I decipher the pyramid for him.† Still Katherine said nothing. Langdon kept talking. He told her about the stone pyramid, its Masonic cipher, the sealed capstone, and, of course, about Bellamy’s claims that this pyramid was in fact the Masonic Pyramid of legend . . . a map that revealed the hiding place of a long spiral staircase that led deep into the earth . . . down hundreds of feet to a mystical ancient treasure that had been buried in Washington long ago. Katherine finally spoke, but her voice was flat and emotionless. â€Å"Robert, open your eyes.† Open my eyes? Langdon had no desire to have even the slightest glimpse of how cramped this space really was. â€Å"Robert!† Katherine demanded, urgently now. â€Å"Open your eyes! We’re here!† Langdon’s eyes flew open as his body emerged through an opening similar to the one it had entered at the other end. Katherine was already climbing off the conveyor belt. She lifted his daybag off the belt as Langdon swung his legs over the edge and jumped down onto the tile floor just in time, before the conveyor turned the corner and headed back the way it came. The space around them was a circulation room much like the one they had come from in the other building. A small sign read ADAMS BUILDING: CIRCULATION ROOM 3. Langdon felt like he had just emerged from some kind of subterranean birth canal. Born again. He turned immediately to Katherine. â€Å"Are you okay?† Her eyes were red, and she had obviously been crying, but she nodded with a resolute stoicism. She picked up Langdon’s daybag and carried it across the room without a word, setting it on a cluttered desk. She lit the desk’s halogen clamp lamp, unzipped the bag, folded down the sides, and peered inside. The granite pyramid looked almost austere in the clean halogen light. Katherine ran her fingers over the engraved Masonic cipher, and Langdon sensed deep emotion churning within her. Slowly, she reached into the daybag and pulled out the cube-shaped package. She held it under the light, examining it closely. â€Å"As you can see,† Langdon quietly said, â€Å"the wax seal is embossed with Peter’s Masonic ring. He said this ring was used to seal the package more than a century ago.† Katherine said nothing. â€Å"When your brother entrusted the package to me,† Langdon told her, â€Å"he said it would give me the power to create order out of chaos. I’m not entirely sure what that means, but I’ve got to assume the capstone reveals something important, because Peter was insistent that it not fall into the wrong hands. Mr. Bellamy just told me the same thing, urging me to hide the pyramid and not let anyone open the package.† Katherine turned now, looking angry. â€Å"Bellamy told you not to open the package?† â€Å"Yes. He was adamant.† Katherine looked incredulous. â€Å"But you said this capstone is the only way we can decipher the pyramid, right?† â€Å"Probably, yes.† Katherine’s voice was rising now. â€Å"And you said deciphering the pyramid is what you were told to do. It’s the only way we can get Peter back, right?† Langdon nodded. â€Å"Then, Robert, why wouldn’t we open the package and decipher this thing right now?!† Langdon didn’t know how to respond. â€Å"Katherine, I had the same exact reaction, and yet Bellamy told me that keeping this pyramid’s secret intact was more important than anything . . . including your brother’s life.† Katherine’s pretty features hardened, and she tucked a wisp of hair behind her ears. When she spoke, her voice was resolved. â€Å"This stone pyramid, whatever it is, has cost me my entire family. First my nephew, Zachary, then my mother, and now my brother.And let’s face it, Robert, if you hadn’t called tonight to warn me . . .† Langdon could feel himself trapped between Katherine’s logic and Bellamy’s steadfast urging. â€Å"I may be a scientist,† she said, â€Å"but I also come from a family of well-known Masons. Believe me, I’ve heard all the stories about the Masonic Pyramid and its promise of some great treasure that will enlighten mankind. Honestly, I find it hard to imagine such a thing exists. However, if it does exist . . . perhaps it’s time to unveil it.† Katherine slid a finger beneath the old twine on the package. Langdon jumped. â€Å"Katherine, no! Wait!† She paused, but her finger remained beneath the string. â€Å"Robert, I’m not going to let my brother die for this. Whatever this capstone says . . . whatever lost treasures this engraving might reveal . . . those secrets end tonight.† With that, Katherine yanked defiantly on the twine, and the brittle wax seal exploded. CHAPTER 63 In a quiet neighborhood just west of Embassy Row in Washington, there exists a medieval-style walled garden whose roses, it is said, spring from twelfth-century plants. The garden’s Carderock gazebo–known as Shadow House–sits elegantly amid meandering pathways of stones dug from George Washington’s private quarry. Tonight the silence of the gardens was broken by a young man who rushed through the wooden gate, shouting as he came. â€Å"Hello?† he called out, straining to see in the moonlight. â€Å"Are you in here?† The voice that replied was frail, barely audible. â€Å"In the gazebo . . . just taking some air.† The young man found his withered superior seated on the stone bench beneath a blanket. The hunched old man was tiny, with elfin features. The years had bent him in two and stolen his eyesight, but his soul remained a force to be reckoned with. Catching his breath, the young man told him, â€Å"I just . . . took a call . . . from your friend . . . Warren Bellamy.† â€Å"Oh?† The old man perked up. â€Å"About what?† â€Å"He didn’t say, but he sounded like he was in a big hurry. He told me he left you a message on your voice mail, which you need to listen to right away.† â€Å"That’s all he said?† â€Å"Not quite.† The young man paused. â€Å"He told me to ask you a question.† A very strange question. â€Å"He said he needed your response right away.† The old man leaned closer. â€Å"What question?† As the young man spoke Mr. Bellamy’s question, the pall that crossed the old man’s face was visible even in the moonlight. Immediately, he threw off his blanket and began struggling to his feet. â€Å"Please help me inside. Right away.† CHAPTER 64 No more secrets, thought Katherine Solomon. On the table in front of her, the wax seal that had been intact for generations now lay in pieces. She finished removing the faded brown paper from her brother’s precious package. Beside her, Langdon looked decidedly uneasy. From within the paper, Katherine extracted a small box made of gray stone. Resembling a polished granite cube, the box had no hinges, no latch, and no apparent way inside. It reminded Katherine of a Chinese puzzle box. â€Å"It looks like a solid block,† she said, running her fingers over the edges. â€Å"Are you sure the X- ray showed it was hollow? With a capstone inside?† â€Å"It did,† Langdon said, moving next to Katherine and scrutinizing the mysterious box. He and Katherine peered at the box from different angles, attempting to find a way in. â€Å"Got it,† Katherine said as her fingernail located the hidden slit along one of the box’s top edges. She set the box down on the desk and then carefully pried open the lid, which rose smoothly, like the top of a fine jewelry box. When the lid fell back, Langdon and Katherine both drew audible breaths. The interior of the box seemed to be glowing. The inside was shining with an almost supernatural effulgence. Katherine had never seen a piece of gold this large, and it took her an instant to realize that the precious metal was simply reflecting the radiance of the desk lamp. â€Å"It’s spectacular,† she whispered. Despite being sealed in a dark stone cube for over a century, the capstone had not faded or tarnished in any way. Gold resists the entropic laws of decay; that’s one of the reasons the ancients considered it magical. Katherine felt her pulse quicken as she leaned forward, peering down over the small golden point. â€Å"There’s an inscription.† Langdon moved closer, their shoulders now touching. His blue eyes flashed with curiosity. He had told Katherine about the ancient Greek practice of creating a symbolon–a code broken into parts–and how this capstone, long separated from the pyramid itself, would hold the key to deciphering the pyramid. Allegedly, this inscription, whatever it said, would bring order from this chaos. Katherine held the little box up to the light and peered straight down over the capstone. Though small, the inscription was perfectly visible–a small bit of elegantly engraved text on the face of one side. Katherine read the six simple words. Then she read them again. â€Å"No!† she declared. â€Å"That can’t be what it says!† Across the street, Director Sato hurried up the long walkway outside the Capitol Building toward her rendezvous point on First Street. The update from her field team had been unacceptable. No Langdon. No pyramid. No capstone. Bellamy was in custody, but he was not telling them the truth. At least not yet. I’ll make him talk. She glanced back over her shoulder at one of Washington’s newest vistas–the Capitol Dome framed above the new visitor center. The illuminated dome only accentuated the significance of what was truly at stake tonight. Dangerous times. Sato was relieved to hear her cell phone ring and see her analyst’s ID on the screen. â€Å"Nola,† Sato answered. â€Å"What have you got?† Nola Kaye gave her the bad news. The X-ray of the capstone’s inscription was too faint to read, and the image-enhancing filters had not helped. Shit. Sato chewed at her lip. â€Å"How about the sixteen-letter grid?† â€Å"I’m still trying,† Nola said, â€Å"but so far I’ve found no secondary encryption scheme that’s applicable. I’ve got a computer reshuffling the letters in the grid and looking for anything identifiable, but there are over twenty trillion possibilities.† â€Å"Stay on it. Let me know.† Sato hung up, scowling. Her hopes of deciphering the pyramid using only a photograph and X-ray were fading fast. I need that pyramid and capstone . . . and I’m running out of time. Sato arrived at First Street just as a black Escalade SUV with dark windows roared across the double yellow and skidded to a stop in front of her at their rendezvous point. A lone agent got out. â€Å"Any word yet on Langdon?† Sato demanded. â€Å"Confidence is high,† the man said, emotionless. â€Å"Backup just arrived. All library exits are surrounded. We even have air support coming in. We’ll flush him with tear gas, and he’ll have nowhere to run.† â€Å"And Bellamy?† â€Å"Tied up in the backseat.† Good. Her shoulder was still smarting. The agent handed Sato a plastic Ziploc bag containing cell phone, keys, and wallet. â€Å"Bellamy’s effects.† â€Å"Nothing else?† â€Å"No, ma’am. The pyramid and package must still be with Langdon.† â€Å"Okay,† Sato said. â€Å"Bellamy knows plenty he’s not telling. I’d like to question him personally.† â€Å"Yes, ma’am. To Langley, then?† Sato took a deep breath and paced a moment beside the SUV. Strict protocols governed the interrogation of U.S. civilians, and questioning Bellamy was highly illegal unless it was done at Langley on video with witnesses, attorneys, blah, blah, blah . . . â€Å"Not Langley,† she said, trying to think of somewhere closer. And more private. The agent said nothing, standing at attention beside the idling SUV, waiting for orders. Sato lit a cigarette, took a long drag, and gazed down at the Ziploc bag of Bellamy’s items. His key ring, she had noticed, included an electronic fob adorned with four letters–USBG. Sato knew, of course, which government building this fob accessed. The building was very close and, at this hour, very private. She smiled and pocketed the fob. Perfect. When she told the agent where she wanted to take Bellamy, she expected the man to look surprised, but he simply nodded and opened the passenger door for her, his cold stare revealing nothing. Sato loved professionals. Langdon stood in the basement of the Adams Building and stared in disbelief at the elegantly inscribed words on the face of the golden capstone. That’s all it says? Beside him, Katherine held the capstone under the light and shook her head. â€Å"There’s got to be more,† she insisted, sounding cheated. â€Å"This is what my brother has been protecting all these years?† Langdon had to admit he was mystified. According to Peter and Bellamy, this capstone was supposed to help them decipher the stone pyramid. In light of those claims, Langdon had expected something illuminating and helpful. More like obvious and useless. Once again, he read the six words delicately inscribed on the face of the capstone. The secret hides within The Order The secret hides within The Order? At first glance, the inscription appeared to be stating the obvious–that the letters on the pyramid were out of â€Å"order† and that their secret lay in finding their proper sequence. This reading, however, in addition to being self-evident, seemed unlikely for another reason. â€Å"The words the and order are capitalized,† Langdon said. Katherine nodded blankly. â€Å"I saw that.† The secret hides within The Order. Langdon could think of only one logical implication. † `The Order’ must be referencing the Masonic Order.† â€Å"I agree,† Katherine said, â€Å"but it’s still no help. It tells us nothing.† Langdon had to concur. After all, the entire story of the Masonic Pyramid revolved around a secret hidden within the Masonic Order. â€Å"Robert, didn’t my brother tell you this capstone would give you power to see order where others saw only chaos?† He nodded in frustration. For the second time tonight, Robert Langdon was feeling unworthy. CHAPTER 65 Once Mal’akh had finished dealing with his unexpected visitor–a female security guard from Preferred Security–he fixed the paint on the window through which she had glimpsed his sacred work space. Now, ascending out of the soft blue haze of the basement, he emerged through a hidden doorway into his living room. Inside, he paused, admiring his spectacular painting of the Three Graces and savoring the familiar smells and sounds of his home. Soon I will be leaving forever. Mal’akh knew that after tonight he would be unable to return to this place. After tonight, he thought, smiling, I will have no need for this place. He wondered if Robert Langdon yet understood the true power of the pyramid . . . or the importance of the role for which fate had chosen him. Langdon has yet to call me, Mal’akh thought, after double-checking for messages on his disposable phone. It was now 10:02 P.M. He has less than two hours. Mal’akh went upstairs to his Italian-marble bathroom and turned on the steam shower to let it heat up. Methodically, he stripped off his clothes, eager to begin his cleansing ritual. He drank two glasses of water to calm his starving stomach. Then he walked to the full-length mirror and studied his naked body. His two days of fasting had accentuated his musculature, and he could not help but admire that which he had become. By dawn, I will be so much more. CHAPTER 66 â€Å"We should get out of here,† Langdon said to Katherine. â€Å"It’s only a matter of time before they figure out where we are.† He hoped Bellamy had managed to escape. Katherine still seemed fixated on the gold capstone, looking incredulous that the inscription was so unhelpful. She had taken the capstone out of the box, examined every side, and was now carefully putting it back in the box. The secret hides within The Order, Langdon thought. Big help. Langdon found himself wondering now if perhaps Peter had been misinformed about the contents of the box. This pyramid and capstone had been created long before Peter was born, and Peter was simply doing as his forefathers had told him, keeping a secret that was probably as much a mystery to him as it was to Langdon and Katherine. What did I expect? Langdon wondered. The more he learned tonight about the Legend of the Masonic Pyramid, the less plausible it all seemed. I’m searching for a hidden spiral staircase covered by a huge stone? Something told Langdon he was chasing shadows. Nonetheless, deciphering this pyramid seemed his best chance at saving Peter. â€Å"Robert, does the year 1514 mean anything to you?† Fifteen-fourteen? The question seemed apropos of nothing. Langdon shrugged. â€Å"No. Why?† Katherine handed him the stone box. â€Å"Look. The box is dated. Have a look under the light.† Langdon took a seat at the desk and studied the cube-shaped box beneath the light. Katherine put a soft hand on his shoulder, leaning in to point out the tiny text she had found carved on the exterior of the box, near the bottom corner of one side. â€Å"Fifteen-fourteen A.D.,† she said, pointing into the box. Sure enough, the carving depicted the number 1514, followed by an unusual stylization of the letters A and D. â€Å"This date,† Katherine was saying, sounding suddenly hopeful, â€Å"maybe it’s the link we’re missing? This dated cube looks a lot like a Masonic cornerstone, so maybe it’s pointing to a real cornerstone? Maybe to a building built in 1514 A.D.?† Langdon barely heard her. Fifteen-fourteen A.D. is not a date. The symbol , as any scholar of medieval art would recognize, was a well-known symbature–a symbol used in place of a signature. Many of the early philosophers, artists, and authors signed their work with their own unique symbol or monogram rather than their name. This practice added a mysterious allure to their work and also protected them from persecution should their writings or artwork be deemed counterestablishment. In the case of this symbature, the letters A.D. did not stand for Anno Domini . . . they were German for something else entirely. Langdon instantly saw all the pieces fall into place. Within seconds, he was certain he knew exactly how to decipher the pyramid. â€Å"Katherine, you did it,† he said, packing up. â€Å"That’s all we needed. Let’s go. I’ll explain on the way.† Katherine looked amazed. â€Å"The date 1514 A.D. actually means something to you?† Langdon winked at her and headed for the door. â€Å"A.D. isn’t a date, Katherine. It’s a person.† How to cite The Lost Symbol Chapter 62-66, Essay examples

Essay about Work Life Balance

Questions: Write an essay on Work-Life Balance from given case study and answer the question Case Study: Flexibility and work-life balance: who benefits? (pg. 315-316 of the textbook) Based on the above-mentioned case study, write an essay entitled Work-Life Balance to critically discuss the following questions: 1. Do you agree with Juliet Bourke that the use of flexibility has moved away from its original paradigms?2. Critically discuss the implications of excessive working hours on the performance of employees and managers.3. Analyse ways in which employers could facilitate work-life balance during an economic downturn. Answers: Introduction The current study presents sheds light on different aspects of the principles and practices of the work-life balance that refers to the process of proper prioritizing between professional and personal life. The study draws special reference to the principle mentioned in the present case study that suggests that flexibility initially assists in augmentation of the productivity of both the workforce as well as the corporation can also limit the process of preservation of the work life equilibrium. Nevertheless, the businesses can deploy diverse work-life balance strategies that might possibly help employees to improve the balance between professional lives with the personal accountabilities. Again, this segment also draws special reference to the case study so as to exemplify different concepts of the work-life balance in addition to flexibility and the manner in which the concept has digressed from the original hypothesis in due course. However, this study also helps us to highlight d ifferent intricacies that encompasses around diverse facets of flexibility and work life balance in corporations drawing examples of different organizations. Answer to question 1. Yes, there are ample evidences that can help us to ascertain that the concept of flexibility has digressed from the original paradigm that emphasizes on the influence of flexibility and work life balance on higher productivity as well as efficiency of both the employees as well as the organization. According to the present case study, it can hereby be ascertained that the stratagem of flexibility is normally agreed to by the corporations with the intention and purpose of development of the economic results. However, as suggested in the case study, the supposition of Juliet Bourke surveys undertaken by the Hewitt Associates reflects the fact that the employees desire flexible hours of work in order to do away with the probabilities of redundancies and at the same time offer greater flexibility in the working schedules on the whole. The case study clearly discloses the fact that over and above 60% of the workforce do not take leave on a daily basis. In addition to this, there is three quarter of the workforce who works for very low number of hours. Therefore, the suppleness in particular organizations has consecutively increased the level of expectations of administration of different organization that fundamentally desire to lessen the costs of carrying out operational activities. This is the reason why the people require working for more number of hours in a bid to attain the requisite outcomes. Consequently, the managers also get unfavourably influenced by the specific anticipation of organization regarding long hours of work that is basically further more than the normal working hour employees (Mondy Mondy, 2012). The expectation in the provincial centres of diverse Multinational businesses encompasses around the issue that the individuals in the managerial position need to attend conference calls through d iverse time zones of the world. Therefore, the senior managers of diverse US Multinational businesses need to operate through different swinging shifts. This is therefore exerting excessive pressure on the employees. Martin et al., (2010)suggests that the stress of the work force put forth enormous influence on the individuals private life that is entirely clear of the work life of the workforce. Therefore, this in turn creates complexities in maintaining the work-life balance and thereby decreases the productivity of their own and the overall operations of the organization (Noe, 2014). Nevertheless, the work stress generates different mental on top of physical concerns that can adversely affect both the efficiency in addition to wellbeing of diverse employees. For that reason, it might be established that work stress as a result diminishes the work-life balance of workforce at different level. The workers might possibly counter burnout because of the long work hours that are connec ted to the supple schedule of work (Rothwell et al., 2012). On the other hand, the level of burnout can inhibit the rate of efficiency in organizations, leaving workers susceptible to different errors, unpredictable behaviour towards other contemporaries and associates and obstruct their potential to focus on the daily tasks of the employees. In addition to this, the workforce undergoing the irregular schedules might probably counter issues while acquiring the provision of the child care when performing jobs in a flexible schedule (Sharma, 2010). Consequently, workers may attend to the work late or else wind up the entire work before the intended hours owing to child care hours established. So, this can exert adverse influence on the business if the employees cannot be available during the requisite as well as the selected hours of job. Also, the workforce over and over again counters a number of issues with their relations that include family, acquaintances as well as associates, t hat are the people who are not acquainted with flexible work schedules (Torrington, 2011). Yet again, the workforces who select to work outside the premises of the offices and at flexible work hours as per their own convenience usually require different arrangement of internet as well as computers arrangement for establishing connections with the particular intranet of the company and to access different resources essential for carrying out the work imperative for successful completion of their tasks. On the whole, this requires the support of the information technology segment and the corporation requires incurring certain amount of costs for successful accomplishment of their activities (Truss et al., 2012). The activities of the employees as well as their availability require availability of the employees at the time when the customers require them, therefore flexibility also need to match the requirements of the business. Answer to question 2 As rightly put forward by Werner et al., (2012), the insinuations of the excessive working hours on the overall performance of the workforce including the managers chiefly refers to the amplified health problems among the workforce, increased risk as regards the safety, decreased productivity as well as creativity, increased non-attendance in addition to enlarged turnover rate. According to the case study, it can be hereby established that, the employees get unfavourably affected by the specific anticipation of the association of employees working for extremely long hours that is basically further than the hours of the regular shift time and the working schedule of the workforce. Thereby, the workforces start underperformers and get disillusioned and at the same time resentful as also mentioned in the case study. The case study draws attention to the case where the Managers in the multinational corporations work in different shifts in order to available across different time zones across different parts of the world. This essentially breaks up the work life balance of the executives working in the managerial positions and said to creep up on the particular workforce. Therefore, this particular conversation reveals the fact that the legislation approved Fair Work Act becomes more complex for the owners of the organization to takeover consequence rate. As a r esult, the employers continue redefining the scope and the common hours of work (Werner et al., 2012). As rightly put forward by Werner et al., (2012), the health issues associated to the extremely long hours of work imposed by the employers in the name of flexibility leads to the lower back damage, blown up troubles of blood pressure, amplified problems of mental health, increase in the overall lost rate of injury.An earlier study carried out by the Cornell University discloses the fact that approximately 10% of the workforce that operates in excess of 50 to 60 hours in each week face painstaking work-family conflicts and disagreement (Brewster, 2011). Therefore, this number is expected to rise more than 30% for the workforces that operate for more than 60 hours. Nonetheless, the rate of divorce among the employees also rises as the hours of work per week rises (DelCampo, 2011). The increased security risk associated to the extremely long working hours can be related to the augmented risk of security as mentioned in different studies that refers to security as well as well being at different business units, weakened performance besides decline in awareness and more or less a threefold increase in the accident rates (Truss et al., 2012). Again, a German study also revealed the fact regarding the problems that doctors face who operates for more than 48 hours each week and counter increased inclination to face accidents at the time of attending patients and even at the time of driving on account of extreme pressure of work (Machado Davim, 2014). Earlier studies indicate the fact that the employee productivity also suffer mainly because of the raise in overtime work hours (Truss et al., 2012). Specifically, the presentation of the white-collar occupations reduces by approximately 23% if the workforces functions in excess of 60 hours in a particular week. In addition to this, the theories proposed by J. Nevison of Oak Associates can inn turn validate the event of decline in general performance. Again, the excessive overtime can lead towards non-attendance of employees owing to ill health, fatigue and in some cases the workers might simply desire to take a break from work and require some days of leave. Again, the unfavourable consequences of the excessive absenteeism direct the way towards the rise in the rates of turnover due to the lack of the work life balance ("HRM online - Your HR news site", 2016). Answer to question 3. The academic literature that provides a body of knowledge as regards the work-life balance depends on an array of theoretical frameworks that the human resource management of organizations can take into account for framing the strategies or work life balance. This refers to the principles of spill-over, rewards and compensation, resource drain, enrichment, work-family disagreement, segmentation, facilitation among many others. As rightly indicated by Mahapatro (2010), the theory of spill over refers to the procedure in which the experiences in a certain role can influences experiences in different other roles. The theory suggests that there occur mood related spill overs where individuals carry the work associated emotions to the home that can affect the work life balance. Again, the Compensation theory indicates the efforts proposed at defying depressing experiences in a particular domain by means of augmented efforts for encouraging experiences in a different domain. Mathis Jackson (2011) suggest that the Resource drain theory talks about the relocation of resources from a particular domain to yet another due to the fact that resources such as time and money are limited, thus the existing resources in the existing domain get decreased. The regular ways in which the company can assist the work-life balance of workers refers to the employment of strategies of employee assistance program, particular leave, child care, hours of work, flex time among many others (Mathis et al., 2014). Nevertheless, taking into consideration the current economic downturn, theatrical alterations have occurred in the manner in which the business concerns evaluates various work-life balance programs. Particularly, businesses are these days are mindful about the cost as regards the introduction of different programs while the management appreciates the consequences of the work life balance initiatives. Despite the significant views concerning the work-life initiatives, the advantages of different Employee Assistance Initiatives can be considered as a traditional offering (Potoker, 2011). However, as mentioned in the case study, the management of commonly take advantage of the flexibility scheme in the work life balance initiatives by imposin g the rules of working for extremely long hours with the intention of attaining the organizational objective of operating at lower operational costs. However, during the period of global financial crisis, the agenda of work-life balance following the theories of different work life balance was an added bonus to exert a pull on as well as to hold on to capable and skilled employees. However, in this day and age, the work-life compensation has transformed from providing the business cars, huge amount of bonuses, and supplementary perks to employee fitness hub and laundry centres. Consequently, the work-life balance programs can be hereby be observed as new forms of diverse Recession Perks (Torrington et al., 2014). A number of firms cannot however meet the cost of the offering monetary recompenses that the corporations could deliver during 1990s. Nevertheless, the businesses brood over the idea of implementation of different cost-effective Recession Perks as a practice to augment the employee engagement at the time when layoffs become widespread phenomena during the economic downturn (Torrington et al., 2014) The work-life initiatives also refer to the leaves of parents, work hours, child care, holidays and telecommuting and many other initiatives. According to the Fair Work Ombudsman, the Australian Government has determined the effectual Work hours by the workforce that suggests that the workforce in Australia can toil for utmost 39 hours in a week and in addition to this the time toiled outside the regular work hours can draw the overtime rates. However, this particular legislation is necessarily the result of the government initiative that in turn can make certain work life balance of the workforce in Australia ("Hours of work - Fair Work Ombudsman", 2016). As rightly put forward by Mahapatro (2010), the Paternity leave refers to an important matter of concern that has of late drawn the interest of people and organization after the introduction of the family and Medical Leave Act proposals. The intention of the Family as well as Medical Leave Act was primarily to balance out the authorities of the human resources regarding the family leave. However, this particular model of the new leave was initially planned to shield the privileges of numerous working mothers although the scope of the act extended to meet up the altering requirements of family. Again, the provision of the Child care during the period of recession takes account of the school incentives initiative, sponsored initiatives of child care, development of child care spending accounts and many others. Conclusion The above study helps in understanding different notions of the notion of the work-life balance that refers to compartmentalising the professional as well as the personal lives of the workforce. In addition to this, the study also helps in understanding the way the individuals might suffer due to the flexible work schedule that has actually moved away from the original paradigm. Besides this, the study also helps in gaining deep insight regarding the advantages as well as the restraints of the supple timing as a technique of preservation of the balance of the work life equilibrium. Consequently, the current study also suggests diverse implications of the extreme hours of functioning with particular point of reference to different concepts of the extreme work schedules and work hours mentioned in the pertinent case study. At last, the current study also explicates diverse work life balance initiatives that the firms can undertake during the period of the recession in a bid to make it certain that the firm can enhance employee relationship as well as the process of employee engagement that in turn can augment the efficiency of the association. References Brewster, C. (2011).International human resource management. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. DelCampo, R. (2011).Human resource management demystified. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Hours of work - Fair Work Ombudsman. (2016).Fairwork.gov.au. Retrieved 3 June 2016, HRM online - Your HR news site. (2016).HRM online. Retrieved 3 June 2016, Machado, C. Davim, J.(2014)Human resource management and technological challenges. Mahapatro, B. (2010).Human resource management. New Delhi: New Age International Ltd. Martin, M., Jackson, T., Martin, M. (2010).Human resource practice. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Mathis, R. Jackson, J. (2011).Human resource management. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-western. Mathis, R., Jackson, J., Valentine, S.(2014) Human resource management. Mondy, R. Mondy, J. (2012).Human resource management. Boston: Prentice Hall. Noe, R. (2014).Fundamentals of human resource management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Potoker, E. (2011).International human resource development. London: Routledge. Rothwell, W., Prescott, R., Lindholm, J., Yarrish, K., Zaballero, A., Benscoter, G. (2012).The encyclopedia of human resource management. San Francisco: Pfeiffer. Sharma, V. (2010).Dynamics of human resource development. Jaipur, India: ABD Publishers. Torrington, D. (2011).Human resource management. Harlow, England: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Torrington, D., Hall, L., Taylor, S., Atkinson, C.(2014) Human resource management. Truss, C., Mankin, D., Kelliher, C. (2012).Strategic human resource management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Werner, S., Schuler, R., Jackson, S. (2012).Human resource management. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Explicit Lyrics Essays - Sexuality And Society, Censorship

Explicit Lyrics John Schroeder, an 18-year-old Marilyn Manson fan, was walking with his mother in a grocery store in New Braunfels, Texas,when he was arrested by an off-duty police officer for wearing a Manson T-shirt. The shirt bore a lyric from Manson's song "Cake And Sodomy" which read "I am the god of f*ck". The officer, who was working security, said that some shoppers had complained about it. Schroeder was walked outside, where the officer asked passersby if they found the shirt offensive. All but one just laughed and said no. Schroder allegedly offered to remove his shirt, but instead was arrested for misdemeanor obscene display, jailed for a few hours, and fined $125. The American Civil Liberties Union is defending Schroeder, whose trial date should be set within the next month. It is these kinds of actions that infringe on the First Amendment o f the Constitution of the United States of America, and they must be stopped. Music is a large part of our culture, and has been for thousands of years. It is a form of expression, motivation, or just plain pleasure. This basic activity of humans is a birthright, it is freedom of expression, freedom of speech, which the government specifically spells out in the First Amendment.

Motorcycle and Hero Honda Essays

Motorcycle and Hero Honda Essays Motorcycle and Hero Honda Essay Motorcycle and Hero Honda Essay Index 1. Introduction to HERO MOTOCORP 2. Company Profile 3. List of Board of Directors 4. Awards and Achievements 5. 4P’s of the Company 6. Product Information 7. Product Mix 8. Segmentation 9. Distribution strategy 10. Competition 11. SWOT Analysis 12. Survey 13. Bibliography Hero MotoCorp  formerly  Hero Honda  is a  motorcycle  and  scooter manufacturer based in India. Hero Honda started in 1984 as a joint venture between  Hero cycles  of India and  Honda of Japan. The company is the largest two wheeler manufacturer in India. The 2006 Forbes 200 Most Respected companies list has Hero Honda Motors ranked at 108. In 2010, When Honda decided to  move out of the joint venture,  Hero Group bought the shares held by Honda. Subsequently, in August 2011 the company was renamed Hero MotoCorp with a new corporate identity Termination of Honda joint venture In December 2010, the Board of Directors of the Hero Honda Group have decided to terminate the joint venture between Hero Group of India and Honda of Japan in a phased manner. The Hero Group would buy out the 26% stake of the Honda in JV Hero Honda. Under the joint venture Hero Group could not export to international markets (except Sri Lanka) and the termination would mean that Hero Group can now export. Since the beginning, the Hero Group relied on their Japanese partner Honda for the technology in their bikes. So there are concerns that the Hero Group might not be able to sustain the performance of the Joint Venture alone Hero MotoCorp The new brand identity and logo, Hero MotoCorp, was developed by the London firm  Ã‚  The logo was revealed on 9 August 2011 in London, the day before the third  Test match between England and India. Hero MotoCorp can now export to Latin America, Africa and West Asia. Hero is free to use any vendors for its components instead of just Honda-approved vendors. Company’s performance During the fiscal year 2008-09, the company sold 3. 7 million bikes, a growth of 12% over last year. In the same year, the company had a market share of 57% in the Indian market. Hero Honda sells more two wheelers than the second, third and fourth placed two-wheeler companies put together. Hero Hondas bike  Hero Honda Splendor  sells more than one million units per year. Total unit sales of 54,02,444 two wheelers, growth of 17. 44 per cent Total net operating income of Rs. 19401. 15 Crores, growth of 22. 32 per cent Net profit after tax at Rs. 1927. 90 Crores Total dividend of 5250% or Rs. 105 per share including Interin Dividend of Rs. 70 per share on face value of each share of Rs. 2 each EBIDTA margin for the year 13. 49 per cent EPS of Rs. 96. 54   - History Hero MotoCorp was started in 1984 as Hero Honda Motors Ltd. 1956 Formation of  Hero Cycles  in Ludhiana(majestic auto limited) * 1975 Hero Cycles becomes largest bicycle manufacturer in India. * 1983 Joint Collaboration Agreement with  Honda Motor  Co. Ltd. Japan signed Shareholders Agreement signed * 1984 Hero Honda Motors Ltd. incorporated * 1985 Hero Honda motorcycle CD 100 launched. * 1989 Hero Honda motorcycle Sleek launched. * 1991 Hero Honda motorcycle CD 100 SS launched. * 1994   Hero Honda motorcycle Splendor  launched. * 1997 Hero Honda motorcycle Street launc hed. * 1999   Hero Honda motorcycle CBZ  launched. 2001   Hero Honda motorcycle Passion  and Hero Honda Joy launched. * 2002 Hero Honda motorcycle Dawn and Hero Honda motorcycle Ambition launched. * 2003 Hero Honda , motorcycle CD Dawn, Hero Honda motorcycle Splendor, Hero Honda motorcycle Passion Plus and  Hero Honda motorcycle Karizma  launched. * 2004 Hero Honda motorcycle Ambition 135 and Hero Honda motorcycle CBZ* launched. * 2005 Hero Honda motorcycle Super Splendor, Hero Honda motorcycle CD Deluxe, Hero Honda motorcycle Glamour, Hero Honda motorcycle Achiever and Hero Honda Scooter Pleasure. 2007 New Models of Hero Honda motorcycle Splendor NXG, New Models of Hero Honda motorcycle CD Deluxe, New Models of Hero Honda motorcycle Passion Plus and  Hero Honda motorcycle Hunk  launched. * 2008 New Models of Hero Honda motorcycles Pleasure,  CBZ Xtreme, Glamour, Glamour Fi and Hero Honda motorcycle Passion Pro launched. * 2009 New Models of  Hero Honda mo torcycle Karizma:Karizma ZMR and limited edition of  Hero Honda motorcycle Hunk  launched * 2010 New Models of Hero Honda motorcycle Splendor Pro and  New  Hero Honda motorcycle Hunk  and  New  Hero Honda Motorcycle Super Splendor launched. 2011 New Models of Hero Honda motorcycles Glamour, Glamour FI, CBZ Xtreme, Karizma launched. New licensing arrangement signed between Hero and Honda. * August 2011 Hero and Honda part company, thus forming Hero MotoCorp and  Honda  moving out of the Hero Honda joint venture. * November 2011 Hero launched its first ever Off Road Bike Named Hero Impulse CHAIRMAN’S PROFILE |   | Dr. Brijmohan Lall Munjal Dont dream if you cant fulfill your dreams Brijmohan Lall Munjal is often fond of saying. The founder and patriarch of the $3. 2 billion Hero Group is your classic first generation entrepreneur. He is a man who started small, dreamt big and used a combination of grit and perseverance to create one of the countrys largest corporate groups and the Worlds No. 1 Two Wheeler Company. | | | Instinctive from a young age, Brijmohan Lall made a rather unusual start in life. Around the time when the freedom movement in India was taking shape in the late 1920s, he walked into a newly opened Gurukul (Indian heritage school) near his home in Kamalia (now in Pakistan). He was only six years old then. Thus began an extraordinary tale of courage and perseverance. Brijmohan began his business story after partition in 1947, when he and his brothers relocated to Ludhiana. The family set up a company that provided poor people with basic transport (cycles). Three decades later, as India evolved, he added a second crucial chapter which visualized affordable and technologically superior transport to millions of middle class Indians. The rest is history. Building Relationships When Brijmohan and his brothers started out, there was no concept of organized dealer networks. Companies just produced, and most dealers functioned like traders. Brijmohan changed the rules of the business by trusting his gut instincts; introducing business norms that were ahead of their time, and by investing in strategic relationships. Brijmohan built a series of bonds and networks with hundreds of family members, vendors, dealers and employees. Much like the Japanese keiretsu system, these networks are now the glue that holds the Hero Group together. Thanks to the relationships that we have nurtured so passionately in the Hero Family, the younger generations of some of our bicycle dealers have become dealers of Hero MotoCorp. These relationships have survived through generations through bad times and good times the patriarch now reminiscences. Besides bonding with his vendors and dealers, Brijmohan has been personally responsible for kindling a spirit of entrepreneurship amongst his employees, and today, 40 of his former employees are successful entrepreneurs. Staying Ahead Though not technically qualified in the conventional sense, few of his contemporaries have understood the dynamics of technology better than Brijmohan Lall has. He could always visualize the applicability of technology before others could. For example, in the 1980s, when all two-wheeler companies in India opted for two-stroke engine technology, Brijmohan preferred a four-stroke engine a technology that dramatically increased fuel efficiency and reduced maintenance costs. This technology was one of the biggest reasons for Hero MotoCorps stupendous success. A Corporate Citizen A frugal upbringing and a value system modeled on the famous Gurukul system which stresses the sanctity of the teacher-pupil relationship imbibed in Brijmohan a strong sense of social commitment and responsibility. There is a special place in his heart for Ludhiana, the city where he took roots. Today, Ludhiana is a modern, bustling city, but Brijmohan has played no mean role in its evolution. Several schools and educational institutions in Ludhiana owe their existence to the Munjal family. The Ludhiana Stock Exchange owes its existence to Brijmohans vision as does the Ludhiana Flying Club. Hes also set up the not-for-profit Dayanand Medical College and Hospital-an institute now rated as one of the best medical colleges in India, in terms of infrastructure, quality of staff and alumni profile. In and around Dharuhera, near the first Hero MotoCorp plant, Brijmohan and his family have left their stamp of philanthropy. The Raman Kant Munjal Foundation which Brijmohan set up in memory of his eldest son, today runs a higher secondary school and a very modern and well-equipped 100-bed hospital at Dharuhera. The group has also adopted numerous villages and provides education, vocational training, drinking water, roads, streetlights and sewerage. Dr. Brijmohan Lall Munjal Chairman Message from Management What the caterpillar calls the end the rest of the world calls a butterfly. ~Lao Tzu~ Constant improvement has been the key fuel that has powered the engines of this company since inception. Happily, we are now building on that momentum to go further in our journey of market leadership and corporate excellence. After forging together one of the worlds most prolific and successful joint ventures for over two and a half decades, and becoming Desh ki Dhadkan we at Hero are now poise d to prove ourselves on the global arena. We are pleased to announce that Hero Honda Motors Ltd. is now Hero MotoCorp Ltd. The new name is reflective of our belief in ourselves and our focus on mobility and technology. In this endeavor, our domain knowledge of the market, our customer-centric approach, our world class manufacturing facilities processes, our committed and skilled personnel, our seamless integrated supply chain and our strong relationships with all stakeholders will hold us in good stead. On the technology front, our existing R D facility is being rapidly upgraded with support, where required, from global experts and technology providers. As we embark on this novel journey with a new identity, we shall continue to set new benchmarks for the industry. We shall develop new and cutting-edge products at a faster pace and aggressively expand our footprint outside India. Yes, a new day has dawned and a new Hero is rising. We know we can count on your blessings and continued endorsement of the Company and its products. Best, Pawan Munjal Dr. Brijmohan Lall Milestones 1983 Joint Collaboration Agreement with Honda Motor Co. Ltd. Japan signed Shareholders Agreement signed 1984 Hero Honda Motors Ltd. ncorporated 1985 First motorcycle CD 100 rolled out 1987 100,000th motorcycle produced 1989 New motorcycle model Sleek introduced 1991 New motorcycle model CD 100 SS introduced 500,000th motorcycle produced 1992 Raman Munjal Vidya Mandir inaugurated A School in the memory of founder Managing Director, Mr. Raman Kant Munjal 1994 New motorcycle model Splendor introduced 1,000,000th motorcycle produced 1997 New motorcycle model St reet introduced Hero Hondas 2nd manufacturing plant at Gurgaon inaugurated 1998 2,000,000th motorcycle produced 999 New motorcycle model CBZ introduced Environment Management System of Dharuhera Plant certified with ISO-14001 by DNV Holland Raman Munjal Memorial Hospital inaugurated A Hospital in the memory of founder Managing Director, Mr. Raman Kant Munjal 2000 4,000,000th motorcycle produced Environment Management System of Gurgaon Plant certified ISO-14001 by DNV Holland   Splendor declared World No. 1 largest selling single two-wheeler model   Hero Honda Passport Programme CRM Programme launched 2001 New motorcycle model Passion introduced One million production in one single year New motorcycle model Joy introduced 5,000,000th motorcycle produced 2002 New motorcycle model Dawn introduced New motorcycle model Ambition introduced Appointed Virender Sehwag, Mohammad Kaif, Yuvraj Singh, Harbhajan Singh and Zaheer Khan as Brand Ambassadors 2003 Becomes the first Indian Company to cross the cumulative 7 million sales mark Splendor has emerged as the Worlds largest selling model for the third calendar year in a row (2000, 2001, 2002) New motorcycle model CD Dawn introduced New motorcycle model Splendor + introduced New motorcycle model Passion Plus introduced New motorcycle model Karizma introduced 2004 New motorcycle model Ambition 135 introduced Hero Honda became the World No. 1 Company for the third consecutive year. Crossed sales of over 2 million units in a single year, a global record. Splendor Worlds largest selling motorcycle crossed the 5 million mark New motorcycle model CBZ* introduced Joint Technical Agreement renewed Total sales crossed a record of 10 million motorcycles 2005 Hero Honda is the World No. for the 4th year in a row New motorcycle model Super Splendor introduced New motorcycle model CD Deluxe introduced New motorcycle model Glamour introduced New motorcycle model Achiever introduced First Scooter model from Hero Honda Pleasure introduced 2006 Hero Honda is the World No. 1 for the 5th year in a row 15 million production milestone achieved 2006 Hero Honda is the World No. 1 for the 5th year in a row 15 million product ion milestone achieved 2007 Hero Honda is the World No. 1 for the 6th year in a row New Splendor NXG launched New CD Deluxe launched New Passion Plus launched New motorcycle model Hunk launched 20 million production milestone achieved 2008 Hero Honda Haridwar Plant inauguration New Pleasure launched Splendor NXG lauched with power start feature New motorcycle model Passion Pro launched New CBZ Xtreme launched 25 million production milestone achieved CD Deluxe lauched with power start feature New Glamour launched New Glamour Fi launched 2009 Hero Honda GoodLife Program launched Hunk (Limited Edition) launched Splendor completed 11 million production landmark New motorcycle model Karizma ZMR launched Silver jubilee celebrations 2010 New model Splendor Pro launched Launch of new Super Splendor and New Hunk 2011 New licensing arrangement signed between Hero and Honda Launch of new refreshed versions of Glamour, Glamour FI, CBZ Xtreme, Karizma Crosses the landmark figure of 5 million cumulative sales in a single year AWARDS AND ACHIEVEMENTS 2011 Two-wheeler Manufacturer of the Year award by Bike India magazine. Adjudged the Bike Manufacturer of the Year at the Economic Times ZigWheels Car and Bike Awards.    CNBC Awaaz   Storyboard special commendation for Effective rebranding of a new corporate entity by CNBC Awaaz Consumer Awards   Most Recommended Two-Wheeler Brand of the Year  award by CNBC Awaaz Consumer Awards    Colloquy Loyalty Awards  Innovation in Loyalty Marketing International 2011  for Hero GoodLife   Best Activity Generating Short or Long-Term Brand Loyalty  by the Promotion Marketing Award of Asia Order o f Merit for Hero GoodLife    Ranked No 1 brand in the Auto (Two-Wheelers) category in the Brand Equity  Most Trusted Brand2011 survey 010 Rated as Top Indian Company in Automobile Two Wheelers sector by Dun Bradstreet Rolta Corporate Awards 2009   Most Preferred Brand of Two-Wheelers award at the CNBC Awaaz Consumer Awards. Adjudged at top of the two-wheeler category in the Brand Equity Most Trusted Brands 2010 Survey. Ranked No. Most Trusted Brand across categories amongst Young Adult Males   Company of the Year  awarded by Economic Times Awards for Corporate Excellence 2008-09. CNBC TV18 Overdrive Awards 2010  Hall of Fame to Splendor NDTV Profit Car Bike Awards 2010 * Two-wheeler Manufacturer of the Year * CnB Viewers Choice Two-wheeler of the Year (Karizma ZMR) * Bike Maker of the Year  by ET-ZigWheels Car ; Bike of the Year Awards 2009 2009 Two-wheeler Manufacturer of the Year  by NDTV Profit Car Bike Awards 2009 and Passion Pro adjudged as CNB Viewers Choice two-wheeler Top Indian Company under the Automobile Two-wheelers sector bythe Dun Bradstreet-Rolta Corporate Awards Won Gold in the Readers  Digest Trusted Brand 2009  in the Motorcycles category NDTV Profit Business Leadership Awards 2009   two-wheeler category 2008 NDTV Profit Business Leadership Award 2008   Hero Honda Wins the Coveted NDTV Profit Business Leadership Award 2008 TopGear Design Awards 2008   Hunk Bike of the Year Award NDTV Profit Car India Bike India Awards   NDTV Viewers Choice Award to Hunk in Bike categoryIndiaTimes Mindscape and Savile Row ( A Forbes Group Venture ) Loyalty Awards   Customer and Brand Loyalty Award in Automobile (two-wheeler) sector   Asian Retail Congress Award for Retail Excellence  (Strategies and Solutions of business innovation and transformation) Best Customer Loyalty Program in Automobile category   NDTV Profit Car India Bike India Awards Bike Manufacturer of the year   Overdrive Magazine   Bike Manufacturer of the year TNS Voice of the Customer Awards: * No. executive motorcycle Splendor NXG * No. 1 standard motorcycle CD Deluxe * No. premium motorcycle CBZ Xtreme 2007 The NDTV Profit Car India Bike India Awards 2007 in the following category: * Overall Bike of the Year CBZ X-treme * Bike of the Year CBZ X-treme (up to 150 cc category) * Bike Technology of the Year Glamout PGM FI Auto Tech of the Year Glamout PGM FI by Overdrive Magazine. Bike of the Year CBZ X-treme by Overdrive Magazine. Ranked CBZ X-treme Bike of the Year by B S Motoring Magazine   Most Trusted Company , by TNS Voice of the Customer Awards 2006. CD Deluxe rated as No 1 standard motorcycle by TNS Voice of the Customer Awards 2006. 2006 Adjudged 7th Top Indian Company by Wallstreet Journal Asia (Top Indian Two Wheeler Company). One of the 8 Indian companies to enter the Forbes top 200 list of worlds most reputed companies. No. 1 in automobile industry by TNS Corporate Social Responsibility Award. Best in its class awards for each category by TNS Total Customer Satisfaction Awards 2006: * Splendor Plus (Executive) * CD Deluxe (Entry) * Pleasure (Gearless Scooters) Splendor ; Passion Top two models in two wheeler category by ET Brand Equity Survey 2006. Adjudged 7th Top Indian Company by Wallstreet Journal Asia (Top Indian Two Wheeler Company). Top Indian company in the Automobile Two Wheeler sector by Dun ; Bradstreet   American Express Corporate Awards 2006. Hero Honda Splendor rated as Indias most preferred two-wheeler brand at the  Awaaz Consumer Awards 2006. Certificate of Export Excellence for outstanding export performance during 2003-04 for two-wheeler three- wheelers Complete (Non SSI) by Engineering Export Promotion Council. The NDTV Profit Car India Bike India Awards 2006 in the following category: * Bike Maker of the Year * Bike of the Year Achiever * Bike of the Year Achiever (up to 150 cc category) * Bike of the Year Glamour (up to 125 cc category) * NDTV Viewers Choice Award to Glamour in the bike category 2005 Awaaz Consumer Awards 2005 Indias most preferred two-wheeler brand by CNBC in the Automobiles category. Bike Maker of the Year Award by Overdrive Magazine. ICWAI National Award for Excellence (Second) in Cost Management 2004 in the private sector category by ICWAI. 0th Motilal Oswal Wealth Creator Award for as the most consistent wealth creator for the period 1991-2005. 2004 Winner of the Review 200 Asias Leading Companies Award (3rd Rank amongst the top 10 Indian companies). GVC Level 1 (Highest Rating) by CRISIL for corporate Governance. Adjudged as the Best Value Creator Large Size Companies 2003-04 by The Outlook Money. Corporate Excellence Award 2004 by Indian Institute of Materia ls Management. Adjudged as the Organization with Innovative HR Practices by HT Power Jobs for HR Excellence. ICSI National Award for Excellence in Corporate Governance 2004 by The Institute of Company Secretaries of India. 2003 Winner of the Review 200 Asia s Leading Companies Award (3rd Rank amongst the top 10 Indian companies). Most Respected Company in Automobile Sector by Business World. Bike Maker of the Year by Overdrive Magazine. 2002 Bike Maker of the Year by Overdrive Magazine. Winner of the Review 200 Asia s Leading Companies Award (4th Rank amongst the top 10 Indian companies). Company of the Year of ET Awards for Corporate Excellence. Ranked 4th in Overall Best Managed Company category, ranked 3rd in Best Financial Management and Best Operational Efficiency category, ranked 6th in Overall Best Investor Relations category, by Asiamoney. Highest Wealth Creating Company of the Year Award by the Money. GVC Level 1 (Highest Rating) by CRISIL for Corporate Governance. 2001 Bike Maker of the Year by Overdrive Magazine. Winner of the Review 200 Asia s Leading Companies Award (9th Rank amongst the top 10 Indian Companies). Winner of Three Leaves Award for showing Corporate Environment Responsibility in the Automobile Sector by Centre for Science Environment. 1999 National Productivity Award for the Best Productivity Award in the category of Automobile Tractor presented by Vice President of India. 1995 The Analyst Award 1995 presented to Hero Honda Motors Ltd. on being ranked 9th amongst the most investor rewarding companies in India. National Award for outstanding contribution to the Development of Indian Small Scale Industry (NSIC Award Presented by President of India). 1991 Economic Times-Harvard Business School Award for Corporate Performance to Hero Honda Motors Ltd. P’s of Hero Moto Corp 1. Product 2. Price 3. Place 4. Promotion 1. Product: Hero MotoCorp offers wide range of two wheeler products that include motorcycles and scooters, and has set the industry standards across all the market segments. 2. Price: Hero MotoCorp offers wide range of two wheeler products that include from low cost bikes to high end bikes. They create bikes for all segment of the society. 3. Place: The Companys growth in the t wo wheeler market in India is the result of an intrinsic ability to increase reach in new geographies and growth markets. Hero MotoCorps extensive sales and service network now spans over to 5000 customer touch points. These comprise a mix of authorized dealerships, service spare parts outlets, and dealer-appointed outlets across the country. with termination of contract with Honda motors Hero MotoCorp can go to international market like Latin America and Sri-lanka. 4. Promotion:Hero Honda event sponsorship, Fill it-Shut it-Forgot It campaign,Dhak Dhak Go campaign, Celebrity Endorsement,Why Should boys Have All the fun and the latest one Hum Mein Hai Hero Are few Promotional strategies of HeroMotoCorp Fill it-Shut it-Forget it Dhak Dhak Go Celebrity endorsement Why should boys have all the fun Hum Mein Hai Hero these were the few Advertising strategy of HeroMotoCorp. Appart from these strategy HeroMotoCorp also have Promotion schemes like Test Rides on Products, Easy Finance, Sponsorship, Quick Availability of product which makes them unique in the market. VISION The story of Hero Honda began with a simple vision the vision of a mobile and an empowered India, powered by its bikes. Hero MotoCorp Ltd. companys new identity, reflects its commitment towards providing world class mobility solutions with renewed focus on expanding companys footprint in the global arena. MISSION Hero MotoCorps mission is to become a global enterprise fulfilling its customers needs and aspirations for mobility, setting benchmarks in technology, styling and quality so that it converts its customers into its brand advocates. The company will provide an engaging environment for its people to perform to the ir true potential. It will continue its focus on value creation and enduring relationships with its partners STRATEGY Hero MotoCorps key strategies are to build a robust product portfolio across categories, explore growth opportunities globally, continuously improve its operational efficiency, aggressively expand its reach to customers, continue to invest in brand building activities and ensure customer and shareholder delight. Product Information And Product Mix * Achiever * Ambition 133, Ambition 135 * CBZ, CBZ Star,  CBZ Xtreme * CD 100, CD 100 SS, CD Dawn, CD Deluxe, CD Deluxe (Self Start) * Glamour, Glamour F. I * Hunk * Karizma, Karizma R, Karizma ZMR FI * Passion, Passion+, Passion Pro Pleasure * Splendor, Splendor+, Splendor+ (Limited Edition), Super Splendor, Splendor NXG,Splendor PRO * Impulse ACHIEVER features 5-Spoke, black alloy wheels. Best mileage in 150cc category. ATFT 150cc  Engine for the perfect balance of high power and fuel economy Specially designed seat for the great riding experience. Puncture resistant tuff-up tube COLours PRICE FOR MUMBAI ExShowroomOn Road Self Start 5 8,653 66,791 CBZ XTREME FEATURE New digital – Analog combo meter console All secure ignition switch with key shutter Diamond lustre headlight Anti drag fuel tank spoke wheels ; front and rear disc brakes. Prism shell LED tail lamp COLOUR PRICE in MUMBAI ExShowroomOn Road Self Start 58,653 66,791 CD DAWN FEATURES A new engine for better performance. Powerful headlight provides much improved visibility. New and advanced adjustable shock absorbers. Extra-wide seats for extra riding comfort. Padlock provision for theft security. Matte black for style ; good looks. Stylish muffler protector. Attractive graphics. COLOURS PRICE in MUMBAI ExShowroomOn Road Spoke Wheel 36,179 41,703 CD DELUX FEATURES New engine for enhanced performance ; stress-free ride. Trapezoidal multi-reflector headlight for enhanced visibility provides better safety ; trendy trapezoidal shape lends more appeal to the bike. Broad visor with aerodynamic shape. Cool 3D graphics ; knee grip makes the bike look very attractive ; a comfortable seating posture provides a stress-free ride. Extra wide seat, more seating space provides better riding comfort for both. COLOUR PRICE IN MUMBAI ExShowroomOn Road Spoke Wheel 36,179 41,703 GLAMOUR FEATURES Scintillating new graphics. All new stylish visor and headlights. Edgy new muffler cover. Eye catching digital analog combo meter console. All new aerodynamic air scoop shrouds. COLOURS PRICE IN MUMBAI ExShowroomOn Road Drum 51,703 58,550 Disc 53,700 60,722 GLAMOUR FI FEATURES Edgy new visor and headlight. Real time mileage indicator. Bank angle sensor. New digital analog combo meter console Stunning new graphics. COLOURS PRICE in MUMBAI ExShowroomOn Road Drum 57,640 65,008 Disc 61,844 69,580 HUNK FEATURES Flared fenders and tubeless tyres Contured visior Analog-Digital speed panel in chrome-tinged flame orange console Red Hot LED tail light Ridged muffler cover with front and rear disc brakes. COLOURS PRICE IN MUMBAI ExShowroomOn Road Single Disc 65,263 73,270 Double Disc 68,416 76,700 KARIZMA FEATURES Exciting new graphics Sporty undercowl Large diameter front-wheel disk brake Enhanced visor COLOURS PRICE IN MUMBAI ExShowroomOn Road Black Cast 79,393 88,942 Red Cast 80,193 89,742 KARIZMA ZMR FEATURES Astra gold front and rear disc plates. Aerodynamic design for superior handling at high speeds Multi – Functional digital console with blue iIIumination and personalised message. Sporty full body cowl with body-coloured rear-view mirrors. Excellent visibility and less prone to damage High intensite integrated LED tail light with integrated clear lens indicators COLOURS PRICE in MUMBAI ExShowroomOn Road Cast Wheel 100,200 111,571 Passion Pro FEATURES Digital-Analog speedometer Stylish visor with black-tinted windscreen ; clear–lens indicator Radical twin bulb tall light Stylish new generation graphics New age high performance APDV engine Front disc option COLOURS PRICE IN MUMBAI ExShowroomOn Road Cast Self 49,759 56,436 Spoke Self 48,708 55,293 PLEASURE FEATURES Exciting body graphics. Less turning radius Smooth suspension system New meter console Puncture-Resistant tuff up tube Trendy rear grip; modern tail light Powerful 100cc engine; gearless transmission with light-weight ABS body Wide seat; large under-seat box Extra leg room. Maintenance-Free battery COLOURS PRICE IN MUMBAI ExShowroomOn Road Pleasure 42,916 48,949 SPLENDOR FEATURES Next generation aerodynamic design with Black alloy wheels Next generation attractive meter console and visor Power start Next generation styling Next generation advanced pro series APDV engine for better power, better mileage ; better acceleration Next generation clear lens winkers COLOURS PRICE IN MUMBAI ExShowroomOn Road Cast Self 46,186 52,550 Spoke Self 45,135 51,407 SPLENDOR + FEATURES Exciting new body graphics Powerful multireflector headlight, tail light and indicators Stylish new alloy wheels Better suspension Carrier as part of standard equipment COLOURS PRICE IN MUMBAI | ExShowroom| On Road| Cast Wheel|   44,400|   50,607| Spoke Wheel|   43,349|   49,464| SPLENDOR PRO FEATURES Stylish meter console Exciting new body graphics Stylish new alloy wheels Power start COLOURS PRICE IN MUMBAI ExShowroom| On Road| Cast Self|   47,552|   54,036| Spoke Self|   46,501|   51,893| ALL THE ABOVE PRODUCTWERE WITH THE BRAND NAME HERO-HONDA AFTER RE-BRANDING THEY HAVE ONLY LAUNCHED ONE BIKE UNDER BRAND HERO NAMED HERO-IMPULSE HERO IMPULSE FEATURES High torque ATFT engine and high ground clearance for rough terrain riding Raised fender and large diameter front wheel with â€Å"stud pattern’ type tyres Sturdier front suspension with long stroke and large front disc brake for cross country riding Nitrox gas-filled mono shock rear suspension Straight pull spokes at the rear for touch terrains Low maintenance seal endless drive chain Digital-analog combo meter console with ‘service due’ indicator Sharp edgy graphics Motocross seat Sporty high mount muffler COLOURS PRICE IN MUMBAI | ExShowroom| On Road| Single Disc|   69,963|   78,330|

Criminal Theories of Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Criminal Theories of Crime - Essay Example Criminals spend too little time in prison and they have too good conditions there. In many countries, as in Poland, there isnt death penalty, however it would help us to stop increasing violence and crime and it would be a warning for criminals. Another problem is that often the homeless commit crime to go to prison because they have food free of charge, bed, TV and other entertainments. I think that our government should be more interested in these people and try to help them (give them places to live, meals). Everybody knows that many crimes are committed by teenagers. They often want to have more friends and they decide to commit a crime to impress them. The young also try to stay against their parents, they want to get money without work and to be independent. TV has huge influence on their behaviour. It shows them the world full of crime and brutal sex, without friendship, love and other important feelings in many thrillers and crime series. It isnt strange that after watching a film, like "Pulp Fiction" or "Rambo", crime may seem funny to teenagers. In cartoons there is also bad behaviour, for example a main hero of this film beats others. In films an actor doesnt die but in real life people do. Our society nowadays is divided into classes: rich, well-to-do, poor. Poor people, who start their life in poor families or families with the problem of alcoholism, need money and may attack rich (or well to do) people to get money. They usually hate them, because they also would like to live in beautiful villas and have expensive cars. It may be next cause of attacks on people. In the case of social disorganization, anomie, differential association, and rational theories, there are many similarities as well as, subtle differences. The first theory to look at is social disorganization theory. The Social Disorganization Theory provides that if relationships in the family and friendship groupings are good, neighborhoods are stable and cohesive, and

Prometheus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Prometheus - Essay Example Prometheus was a very clever witted and wily Titan whose job was to mould mankind from clay. All these aspects help to show how he was a harbinger of good deeds for mankind as he was always concerned with trying to make humanity better. For this reason alone, he often clashed with Zeus, who was opposed to the idea of having any form of humanity other than that of the Titan clan. For stealing fire from Zeus, Prometheus was punished cruelly by Zeus. He was chained to the mountain of Kaukasos where every day, an eagle would feast upon his liver. Since he had healing powers, his liver would regenerate every night. He says, â€Å"This is the crime that I must expiate   Hung here in chains, nailed 'neath the open sky. Ha!  Ha!   What echo, what odour floats by with no sound?† Through these simple yet satirical words, written down in the Aeschylus, Prometheus has tried to set aside his woes and bring to terms that fact that he had been chained on Zeus’ orders, which acco rding to him were very unjust. These lines help to show the kind of disdain that flowed through Prometheus at the time of being chained and undergoing such a cruel punishment all because of the anger that Zeus had in his mind. He says, â€Å"The foe of Zeus and one at feud with all   The deities that find   Submissive entry to the tyrant's hall;   His fault, too great a love of humankind.   Ah me! Ah me! what wafture nigh at hand,   As of great birds of prey, is this I hear?† Through these words and dialogue, Prometheus has tried to put forth the kind of hatred that Zeus possessed for all of humanity of mortals; the reason because of which he got chained to the mountain. This process continued for a very long time, until Zeus ordered Hercules to rescue Prometheus. Despite this, the fire could not be retrieved back from humanity because it had spread too wide and far. However, the question still remains whether or not Prometheus’ punishment was justified by Ze us. According to personal opinion, it was not, because Prometheus was only trying to share with humanity the gifts that the Titans possessed. He could foresee the future and thus had probably foreseen doom that would be bestowed upon mankind if humanity had not discovered fire. Even though years of rubbing sticks and stones together went by, no man was able to create fire until the time that Prometheus stole it and sent it to the cavemen. â€Å"Oh that he had conveyed me   'Neath earth, 'neath hell that swalloweth up the  dead;   In Tartarus, illimitably vast   With adamantine fetters bound me fast-   There his fierce anger on me visited,   Where never mocking laughter could upbraid me   Of God or aught beside!† Through the following lines, Prometheus has tried to describe the kind of hellish life was to spend in the dark pits of Tartarus as per his punishment by Zeus. The wrath of Zeus was not at all justified in the kind of punitive life Prometheus was put int o for the rest of his life. The symbol of Prometheus is thus used in modern day architecture in various parts of the world in order to make people remember that fear persists in the environment as well. Prometheus was not at all a God fearing man and thus went ahead with his decision of taking the fire away and distributing it in a way that it flowed light upon the rest of mankind. Also, his liver, which is actually a symbolism of courage and

The Pragmatic Theory Of Truth William James

The Pragmatic Theory Of Truth William James The Pragmatic theory of truth is made up of the accounts, definitions, and theories of the concept truth that distinguish the philosophies of pragmatism and pragmaticism. This concept of truth is the subject of many great thinkers ideas, who influenced this area of philosophy and whose theories, though different have common features. These thinkers were Charles Sanders Peirce, William James and John Dewey. Some of the most characteristic features can be identified as a relying on the pragmatic maxim to clarify meanings of difficult concepts, and also an emphasis, that belief, knowledge and truth are actually a product of the process: inquiry. As most pragmatic theories, this one has roots in the minds of earlier philosophers and their philosophies, especially the Golden Age, the Scholastics and Immanuel Kant. They provide a solid background for an invaluable insight into the twist and twirl of ideas that developed in the more modern time. Due to the fact that truth through the pragmatic prism is quite often confused with a number of other notions, I believe that underlining these will put the subject matter into the proper context to contrast. Truth is a term used to describe those beliefs that are capable of reliably guiding action to an expected outcome. We call a belief true when it successfully leads us to an anticipated experience. For example, my belief that there will be a full moon on the 30th of this month counts as true when, sure enough, I look at the sky that night and see a full moon. When that happens, we can certainly say this belief is now true, but we are naturally tempted to wonder if this belief was true a few weeks ago, when I first wrote these words. A classical conception of truth is that it is the good of logic, in a case in which logic is a normative science that is an examination into a good, or a value that looks for knowledge and ways to reach it. Most explorations of the very character of truth commence with the evaluation of the elements that make up that truth. In judging whether the carrier of information, meaning and significance are undeniably truth-bearers. If we take things into consideration in a very general matter, there are slim chances that the judgment of a work, proving to be either true or false, will become set in stone; it will most probably always remain a judgment call, as it is more commonly referred to. Nevertheless there are many properly delineated areas in which it is indeed useful to consider disciplined forms of evaluation and the observation of these leads to and permits the method to come into existence and further judge truth and falsity. Theories of truth can be depicted taking into account the several aspects of description that affect the quality of what is true. The truth predicates used in various theories can be classified by the number of things that condition the proper judgment of a sign, the sign being one of the very first things to be looked at. Formal logic calls this the arity of the predicate. Another division can be made in accordance with the subdivision of any number of more specific characters that theorists consider crucial A mondiac truth predicate is one that applies to its main subject typically a concrete representation or its abstract content independently of reference to anything else. In this case a truthbearer is true in and of itself. A dyadic truth predicate applies to its main subject only in reference to something else, a second subject. Most commonly, the auxiliary subject is either an object, an interpreter, or a language to which the representation bears some relation. The third form of truth predicate is the triadic one, which applies to its main subject only in reference to a second and third subject. In a pragmatic theory of truth, for example, one has to state clearly both the object of the sign, and either its interpreter or another sign called the interpretant, before it can be said that the sign is true of its object to its interpreting agent. Numerous requirements must regarded with respect to any fundamentally simple scheme of classification, as real practice rarely has any pure types, and there are circumstances in which it is useful to mention of a theory of truth that is almost k-adic, or that would be k-adic if specific features could be abstract away and neglected in a certain framework of discussion. William James was an original thinker in and between the disciplines of physiology, psychology and philosophy. His twelve-hundred page masterwork, The Principles of Psychology (1890), is a rich blend of physiology, psychology, philosophy, and personal reflection that has given us such ideas as the stream of thought and the babys impression of the world as one great blooming, buzzing confusion (PP 462). It contains seeds of pragmatism and phenomenology, and influenced generations of thinkers in Europe and America, including Edmund Husserl, Bertrand Russell, John Dewey, and Ludwig Wittgenstein. James studied at Harvards Lawrence Scientific School and the School of Medicine, but his writings were from the outset as much philosophical as scientific. Some Remarks on Spencers Notion of Mind as Correspondence (1878) and The Sentiment of Rationality (1879, 1882) presage his future pragmatism and pluralism, and contain the first statements of his view that philosophical theories are reflectio ns of a philosophers temperament. William James argued a century ago for a conception of truth that establishes a clear middle way between the rigid logicism of contemporary analytical philosophy and the relativity of contemporary hermeneutics and deconstructionism. James argued for a humanistic and practical conception of truth, rooted in human experience and indexed to available evidence, and the perspective of human individuals or groups. His conception of the pragmatic theory is often summarized by his statement, that: the true is only is only the expedient in our way of thinking, just as the right is only the expedient in our way of behaving. Jamess take on truth and knowledge is a quite unique one. He separates two ways of knowing things, one being an intuitive knowledge, in direct experience, as a person would see an apple on the table, which he describes as an all around embracing of the object by thought, or one could know through an outer chain of physical or mental intermediaries connecting thought and thing as Europeans know the rainforests. James held that the intuitive form of knowledge was direct understanding, unmediated by anything, and truth for intuitive knowledge was a matter of direct consciousness in the flow of experience. For theoretical or representative knowledge, to know that a belief was true was to lead to it through a context which the world supplies Speaking about the truth and some theoretical representations of reality, it can be stated that a person has not the freedom to hypothesize any theories or facts he pleases, because of the complexity of the process: in direct experience of either an immediate and intuitive kind, or of an intellectual kind meaning processes within the circumstances the world supplies. These circumstances for creating rational ideas comprise processes in nature, representational systems, social world, and a connection between the stream of consciousness and all of the beforehand mentioned elements. These intellectual experiences offer a verification process and are integrated in the verification process of future truths as well. Beliefs at any time are so much experience funded. But the beliefs are themselves parts of the sum total of the worlds experience, and become matter, therefore, for the next days funding operations. So far as reality means experienceable reality, both it and the truths men gain about it are everlastingly in process of mutation-mutation towards a definite goal, it may be-but still mutation. Jamess metaphor linking the value of true knowledge with those of banking operations underlines the fact that truth must be advantageous. Experiences creating the basis of a truth must be interconnected themselves, thus theories and facts must be repeatedly modified if changes in circumstance occur. In Jamess words, the pragmatic theory of truth is True ideas are those that we can assimilate, validate, corroborate and verify. False ideas are those we cannot. That is the practical difference it makes to us to have true ideas; that, therefore is the meaning of truth, for it is all that truth is known-as. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The truth of an idea is not a stagnant property inherent in it. Truth happens to an idea. It becomes true, is made true by events. Its verity is in fact an event, a process, the process namely of its verifying itself, its verification. Its validity is the process of its validation. Starting from this idea, to James the truth and contexts of conscious experience, interaction with processes of the surrounding world, connection between things and ideas, also theories we have of the world and its mechanisms were inseparable. According to James there are on occasion two different explanations are in equal measure compatible with the facts, though there usually are not. Finding enough unruly facts will lead to a revision of theories, which will make people search for innovative facts and ideas. To obtain the notion of absolute truth one must look backward to the history of development of the notion and the history of corrections it suffered through the process of formation. Euclidean Geometry, Ptolemaic Physics and Astronomy, and Scholastic Logic and Metaphysics have all been replaced through the development of new systems of fact and theories. On the other hand, if we look into the future and see before our spiritual eyes an absolute truth toward which we are heading, we are clearly making a mistake and James said that new truth can exist only as consequences of new theories. For truths surface from facts, but they also move forward and add to them, out of which repeatedly new facts and new truths come into existence. James views rationalists conception that truth has no connection with practical reasoning as a mistake, just like the sentimentalist myth about morality. Kant argued that morality was a question of abstract, general truths discovered from pure reason through a categorical imperative. This suggests that acts can only be morel if they succumb to a logical rule and never because of certain feelings or positive consequences they will result in. In Kants point of view, only logical coherence with a categorical imperative counts in establishing morality, and that experience is irrelevant. Jamess take on this is that he holds that Kantian moralists could define and theoreticise about justice, but could not identify it in real life. He said both truth and morality have to be matters of practice in experience, otherwise they are basically meaningless. James also considered truth-seeking a form of humanistic endeavor, rooted in human life. The moral, emotional and knowledge-seeking functions of human life can not be as radically divorced from one another as the Platonism inherent in math and science sometimes misleads abstractly-oriented people to believe. James said that all true processes must lead to the face of directly verifying sensible experiences somewhere. He also extended his pragmatic theory well beyond the scope of scientific verifiability, and even into the realm of the mystical: On pragmatic principles, if the hypothesis of God works satisfactorily in the widest sense of the word, then it is true. True ideas are copies if their realities. Jamess other idea is that truth is not made for us, instead we jointly create, make truth. In this sense truth is mutable (changeable, variable) and relative to a conceptual scheme. Truth is not predefined in pragmatism, in Jamess perspective beliefs are not true until validated by verification. He believed propositions become true over the line of continuously proving to be useful in a persons specific situation. So, with James, and also Schiller, things are made true through verification this being largely rejected by most pragmatists. Nevertheless the idea that there can be no truths without some sort of conceptual scheme to express them, is a generally accepted one. Unless we decide upon how we are going to use concepts like object, existance, etc., the question how many objects exist does not really make any sense. But once we decide the use of these concepts, the answer to the above-mentioned question within that use or version, to put in Nelson Goodmans phrase, is no more a matter of convention. (Maitra 200 p. 40) The pragmatic theory of truth is an unmistaken result of the American pragmatic philosophical thinking of the early and mid twentieth century. As I stated before, through this prism the nature of truth is identified with the principle of action. An oversimplified way of putting it would be that truth, as such, does not exist in some conceptual, theoretical area of thought independent of social relationship or actions, but rather truth is a function of a dynamic process of engagement with the world and verification. Despite the fact that this notion is associated predominantly with the work of William James and James Dewey, some traces of the pragmatic theory of truth are present in the works of Peirce too, who says that there is no distinction of meaning so fine as to consist in anything but a possible difference of practice. The gist of this is that a person cannot imagine a truth or belief, unless imagining I what way that matters in the world also. For example the truth of the idea that ice is cold cannot be comprehended or accepted without also understanding what coldness means in context with other objects too, like cold water, cold feet and so on. A consequence of this is that the discovery of truth happens only through interaction with the world. Truth cannot be found while sitting idly on a chair and thinking about things. People search for belief, not doubt, and this happens on every one of the numerous occasions we come in contact with the world, may that be while doing research or just putting ourselves out there, coming into contact with our surroundings. A number of significant changes were brought about by James in relation to a better understanding of truth. The most crucial being probably the revision of the public character of truth. William James made a number of important changes to the Pragmatist understanding of truth. He shifted the process of belief-formation, application, experimentation, and observation from the general to a more intimate level, that of the individual. In this way, a belief turned into truth, when it proved to have practical use in the life of the individual. His theory was that it took time until a person could get from pretending that a belief was true and acting as such, until it actually became useful, helpful and productive, and indeed seen and considered true. An important field of application of this theory of truth was that of religion, particularly the question of the existence of God. Taken from his book Pragmatism is a statement which is as follows: On pragmatic principles, if the hypothesis of God works satisfactorily in the widest sense of the word, it is true. While in The Meaning of Truth: The true is only the expedient in our way of thinking, just as the right is only the expedient in our way of behavior. Jamess theory and the pragmatic theory in general, as any other philosophical theory, can be confronted on a number of levels. Questions can be raised concerning the ambiguity of terms and of consequences and results. What does what works mean exactly, if taken as James suggests it in the widest sense of the word? Also how can one judge a complex paradigms truth value if it is not 100 percent inclining one way or the other? If we state something like It is useful to assume I will pass my exams., that is not at all the same as the statement that It is true that I will pass my exams. It doesnt work that way. True beliefs are not always useful, and vice-versa, useful ones are not always true. Nietzsche put it like this: The falseness of a judgement is not necessarily an objection to a judgment: it is here that our new language perhaps sounds strangest. The question is to what extent it is life-advancing, life-preserving, species-preserving, perhaps even species-breeding; and our fundamental tendency is to assert that the falsest judgements (to which synthetic judgments a priori belong ) are the most indispensable to us, that without granting as true the fictions of logic, without measuring reality against the purely invented world of the unconditional and self-identical, without a continual falsification of the world by means of numbers, mankind could not live that to renounce false judgements would be to renounce life, would be to deny life. To recognize untruth as a condition of life: that, to be sure, means to resist customary value-sentiments in a dangerous fashion; and a philosophy which ventures to do so places itself , by that act alone, beyond good and evil. (Beyond Good and Evil, 333) Now, Pragmatism may be a handy means for distinguishing truth from untruth. After all, that which is true should produce predictable consequences for us in our lives. In order to determine what is real and what is unreal, it would not be unreasonable to focus primarily upon that which works. This, however, is not quite the same as the Pragmatic Theory of Truth as described by William James.