Utopia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Utopia - Essay ExampleOn the contrary, I think its very out-of-the-way(prenominal) from organism Utopia.But what is Utopia I would think that it is a world where on that point is peace and love among all men. But according to Platos The Republic, he considered a unadulterated state to hit two things the perfect man and the perfect justice.A perfect world cannot exist if the people that consists it argon flawed. I must total albeit hesitantly, because come to think of it, the world is nothing but the sum of the people which consist it. Hence, to make a perfect world, the men that form it must be perfect as well.Although we hand over come a long way since our barbarian ancestors, we are not perfect still. According to Charles Darwin, men may have noble qualities and god-like intelligence and yet men still bears in his bodily frame the inedible stamp of his lowly origin.Since it is our body that limits us and prevents us from being perfect, Plato has suggested in The Republic that in the modern world, sickly and deformed children are segregated and put to death so they dont contaminate nor burden the rest. They are flawed, and there is no room for flaws in a perfect world.Plato suggested that in a perfect world, there is unity among men and they are one with the state. Men intercept to be mere individuals and instead they are seen as members of the state. I agree with this line of thinking because if men today would think this way, they would hesitate before doing impairment to another, because if they injure another, they injure the State. And in a way, they injure themselves.However, to attain this oneness with the State, Plato suggests communal property under the control of the state. Likewise, it suggests that the State rears the children without parents knowing their offspring. All of these are aimed to prevent accumulation of wealth, brains, beauty and other qualities of birth. Again, I must agree to this line of thinking. Because to have a complete unity with the State, one must redeem everything to it, otherwise, wealth will be concentrated only to certain individuals, beauty and brains would only be limited to only one family. This is what is happening now. And as we see, it leads to inequality and injustice.Can We Attain UtopiaIn my opinion, it will be nearly impossible to attain Utopia. First of all, we are flawed men. And as things are going with remark to human rights advocacy, I dont think it is possible to segregate the deformed and sickly and put them to death. Such would be contrary to all tenets of human rights.Likewise, while its more(prenominal) possible to have community of property as such exists in certain communist nations today. I dont think it is possible for the State to rear children. No parent would agree to give up their child. All of us are brought up in a family environment and we are taught how important family ties are. In the cash in ones chips of Rene Descartes, he concluded that a piece made by one person out of scratch is more perfect than a piece that evolved from divergent pieces merged together. We are the latter. The human race evolved and our society is what it is now based on various experiences. Thus, it is less perfect. To attain perfection, we must start over. Destroy what we have now and build it

Ethical Issues in Businesses Today Essay Example for Free

Ethical Issues in Businesses Today EssayEthical issues in businesses today There be a million ethical issues in todays businesses and unfortunately there is no perfect decision measurement for all these ethical issues in business. The ethical issues in international businesses are much more complicated and much more delicate, along with being tenfold in numbers. According to Wiley (1995), moral philosophy is concerned with chaste obligation, responsibility, and social Justice. She goes on to say that ethics reflects the character of the individual and more con temporarily per haps, the character of the business firm, which is a collection of individuals. Mauro et all, 1999) It is evident that ethics play such a crucial role in businesses if we consider the instances like the Enron companys ethical break down. Not only in Enron, but Dilemmas involving discrimination, harassment, fraud, contractual breaches, favouritism and consistent policies regarding pay, rewards and discipl ine are common occurrences in many organizations. (Hartel, C. E. J, Fujimoto, Y, 2010) Industry Wide Ethical Issues in Business Following is a identify of industry wide ethical issues in businesses.The problem with these ethical issues in business is that they are not only really routine and frequent ut they are also more wide-spread Bribing powerful officials in order to get bids and tenders accepted and bribing competitor employees to get informational leaks is a serious ethical issue in business. In fact, it is a crime that is legally punishable in most countries today. Labor related issues like gender discrimination at workplace, employee harassment, minority residential district participation, working conditions and child labor are also some general ethical issues in busines

Motivation and Organizational Culture Essay Example for Free

Motivation and Organizational Culture EssayMotivation and Organizational Culture appellative In any given demarcation or workplace environment the employees that work there should be the most valued assets. Research has shown that personnel who are happy and taken care of are much much productive than those who are not, therefore establishing a more pleasing work atmosphere. That being said, business leaders and managers alike play an extremely important role in workplace psychology.According to our text, leadership is the process of leading a group and influencing its members to deliver the goods common goals. All managers are leaders (Robbins, DeCenzo, and Coulter, 2011). In todays society more managers are leading through empowerment by allowing aggroup members to be involved in the decision making process. More and more employees are developing budgets, scheduling workloads, controlling inventories, solving quality problems, and engaging in similar activities that unti l very recently were viewed exclusively as part of the managers job.As mentioned earlier, research has shown that employees who are pleased are far more beneficial than employees who are not. There are many things that managers can do to ensure that their employees feel valued, and remain satisfied. First of all, it is important that managers avoid using intimidation. To frighten means to make nervous, or instill fear. In some cases an individual can take advantage of their title and turn in to an authoritarian. In a sense this means that the big guys squash the little guys.

Statement of Intent Essay Example for Free

Statement of Intent EssayMy enkindle in the air Marketing political program at Parsons, was innited in college during the time we were starting to study the different fields of marketing. Since I was little Ive always had a truly big interest in the fashion world, observing the different trends and how every countrified has different styles is fascinating for me. My biggest role model fashion wise is Oscar de la Renta, I identify myself with him because we come from from the same country where the fashion industry can still be considered in diapers. He has known how to overcome the many obstacles that have been presented to him throughout his career, obstacles like the lack of support at the beggining, or the credibility he had to win through his career. Marketing has become the biggest interest in my life, through out my career I have seen the difference that exists between some markets and others, this field is evolving and fashion is a inmense part of it. With the fashion marketing program I will learn the relation betweeen design, merchandising and marketing and how in the connection of these depends whether you succeed entering a market.After acquiring these knowledge my interest is merelly creating my own store, which has been my dream for a long time now. I consider I have an great eye for spotting newfound trends, and in my country people are very imposed to fashion because there are not a lot of options of where to shop, and with my store I could give them a new option. I believe Parsons is the best place to study, because of its amazing credentials aswell of the great curriculum it offers in Fashion Marketing and other areas.The profesors have been say to be the best in the world in there differente specialities, and I want to receive the best education and this way make me an Amazing Profesional. Aswell as its locations is a great factor, Parsons is located in what many would call the heart of fashion, is in those NYC streets that many tre nds come to life, and many new desginers become recognized. Its fascinating mixture of cultures makes of it, the best place to learn how the fashion marketing world really works.

White Collar Crime: The Influences of the Social Class

White Collar Crime The Influences of the Social ClassIntroductionWhen it comes to talk about crime, a lot of slew will relate to the street crimes including burglary, robbery, and assault. However, more and more people complain that an increasing scrap of white-collar crimes exits in our society nowadays, much(prenominal) as false ad, tax evasion, and insider stock trading. Write-collar crimes argon truly complicated issues which can harm victims both directly and indirectly without the victims even knowing it (Benson 3). It affects individuals, either levels of government, and all sectors of society, and brings about a considerate impact on the problems and concerns, and fears of the country.According to the sociological textbook Sociology The Points of the Compass, this paper will use the sociology viewpoint which is from Chapter 5 to fail how the white-collar crimes influence of the social class. The first section of the paper provides an overview on the concept of white-c ollar crimes. In the second section we will look at the severity of the white-collar crimes. Finally, we will analyze the social characteristics of white-collar offenders.The definition of white-collar crimeThe term of white-collar crime is original introduced by professor Edwin H. Sutherland of Indiana University in 1939, which is crimes committed by a somebody of respectability and full(prenominal) social status in the course of his occupation. (Rosoff 2) Sutherland also defines both strategic facts of the white-collar crime. First, he points out that the white-collar offenders are in the upper social status and more powerful (Rosoff 2). Second, he refers the fact that the justice schema is inclined to employ a very different procedural apparatus for dealing with white-collar offenders (Rosoff 3).Persons who violate laws regarding restraint of trade, advertising, pure food and drugs, and similar practices are not arrested by uniformed policemen, are not tried in criminal cour ts, and are not committed to prisons this illegal behavior receives the attention of administrative commissions and of courts operating under civil or equity jurisdiction. (Rosoff 3)White-collar crime is also called commercial crimes committed by people exclusively for personal tally (Hackler 231). Herbert Edelhertz is official at the U.S. Department of Justice in 1970, who points out an offense-based of white-collar crime theory (Benson 7). He defines white-collar crime is an illegal act or series of illegal acts committed by non-physical means and by concealment or guile to obtain money or property, to avoid the payment or loss of money or property, or to obtain business or personal advantage (Benson 7).However, more and more criminologists argue with the Edelhertzs offense-based approach, in which an increasing number of white-collar crimes also physically harms and violences on their victims, like both the manufacture of dangerous products and the maintenance of unsafe working environments are important types of white-collar-crime (Benson 13).The Severity of the professional Crime truly, the white-collar crimes have caused much more serious results and damaged more of our society than any other kind of crimes. Even in societies that commemorate the importance of the individual, the power of authority can be surprisingly strong (Wicks 42). The white-collar criminals have more authorization to access cooperations asserts or governments confidential corroboration They build their plan precisely and accurately They can operate their crime process for a long time because of very hard to be discovered. Therefore, a huge loss and harm have been made, when the police stop their crime eventually in most cases of white-collar crime.Louis R. Mizell, Jr., a former Special federal agent and Intelligence Officer with the U.S. Department of State, he refers white-collar criminals exists anywhere in peoples life (Mizell). Consider the following studiesEvery year an a verage of $160 jillion is stolen or embezzled from schools and colleges all over the country.Insurance fraud property, casualty, and health is a $95 billion-a-year scamCredit card fraud costs taxpayers roughly $3 billion per year.Dishonest lawyers pocket more than $14 billion annuallyMore than $21 billion is being stolen from charities each year.Source from (Mizell)These fall over data shows us the fact that the white-collar crimes cost more serious than the street crime.White-collar crime results in few prosecutions and still fewer convictions for two main reasons. First, much white-collar crime takes place in private and is therefore difficult to detect. Second, corporations can afford legal experts, unexclusive relations firms, and advertising agencies that advise their clients on how to bend laws, build up their corporate image in the public mind, and influence lawmakers to pass laws without teeth. Moreover, even when prosecutions are successful, the punishment is normally light. (Brym 138)Furthermore, there are many indirect aspects resulted by white-collar crime in our society which widely cause more damages than the direct impacts. legion(predicate) white-collar criminals work in backbone enterprises of a country and hold an important position in it, the criminal activities they acted not only hurt their employers, nevertheless also created a lot of harm for millions customers using their services. In some cases, it will affect the reputation of the country or cause the international encounter because of their actions.The victims families also are hurt made by those white-collar criminals. Sometimes, this harm is even more virtual than the direct victims themselves, for example, victims children grow up in the tail end of the harm against their family by criminals, they will have more resentment and negative emotions to the society when they gown up. They maybe because next criminal when those resentment explored one day.The public will loss t he confidence to the government if the white-collar crime keeps increasing. People always believe it the governments responsibility to maintain the low crime rate in the society especially the white-collar crime which crime is made by the best class of citizens in the society.The Social Characteristics of White-Collar OffendersSocial status is a relative term in the sense that people can be ranked as having more or less of it, depending on their income, education, and occupation. (Benson 164). Sutherland focus on persons of the upper socioeconomic classes, and respectability and social status (Benson 163). Most of the white-collar offenders are in the high social status, which have high level education, high occupation, and high income. In the Yale study, they summarize the main conclusions about the white-collar offenders. First, the typical white-collar offender is a middle-aged white male 85.5% are more likely to be white, the average age of 40, and 85.5% are male (Benson 31). Se cond, on average white-collar offenders are better educated and more likely to be employed than common criminals 79.3% are high school graduates, 27.1% are college graduates and 58.4$ are steadily employed (Benson 31).White-collar crime is committed disproportionately by people from middle and upper classes (Brym 138). The social class conflicts also reflect to the white-collar crimes the abuse of power. The Marxians conflict theory tends to construe any social conflict and every measure of social power as an expression, device, or function of economic struggle (Silverman 173). It indicates white-collar offenders abuse their power and uses their social status advantages to harm victims. Actually they do more harm, cost more money, and ruins more lives than assaults, thefts, and rape (Hackler 231).The upper class offenders exists widespread of institutions, including business, government, the medical profession, even religious organizations and they role the remarkably versatile se t of actors, like captains of industry, politicians, doctors, cops, and computer hackers (Rosoff 19).ConclusionIn Chapter 5 of the Sociology The Points of the Compass summaries that knowledge and high position in society cant guarantee person keep away from white-collar crimes. The more capability the person has the more damage he/she made when this capability is used in commercial criminality. So, it is very important for statement the public not only just the skills and knowledge which will find a job in future, but also teaching them what is the correct morality and values in society.

Case study of a man with parkinsons disease

Case study of a man with parkinsons diseaseMr Henderson has arrived in hospital after a storey of falls at blank space and has just commenced a new medication regime.It is very possible that he may be anxious, worried, frightened as a result of falling at home which also may result in loss of confidence. He may also be apprehensive or so his new medication regime. Having been diagnosed with Parkinsons for 5 years, he more than likely knowns the importance of getting his medications on time, in reducing the symptoms allowing him to maximise his independence. However, it is non for the nurse to take for granted this and she/he must sit down, talk to him, allowing him time to talk and express his worried and anxieties. This was inspection and repair to establish a relations hip and Mr Henderson pull up stakes understand that you atomic number 18 there to strengthener him byout his journal of care. The nurse should also make sure that all members of the multidisciplinary team are alive(predicate) of Mr Hendersons condition and if they are non aware of the importance of getting medication on time out with normal drug rounds indeed they should be informed of its importance and understand the noteworthy consequences resulting from not getting the drugs on time such as reduced independence and prolonged hospital stay. As medications are a large classify in maximising independence and mobility and it may be draw outed that Mr Henderson receives his medications before getting out of bed in the morning. This will allow time for the drugs to work and thusly enabling him to get out of bed more easily.Freezing, a symptom of Parkinsons disease send away be distressing for patients. It affects gait initiation, turning and moving through small spaces, such a doors and busy areas. Anxiety can exasperate freezing and it is vital that the nurse can firstly recognise anxiety, this may be achieve through effective communication and listening skills and secondly d eveloping strategies to reduce anxiety levels such as allowing him time to talk, listening and taking on board his expressions allowing for a trusting relationship to be developed, helping him to build in confidence and preparing him psychologically for going home. Various strategies have been suggested to assist with freezing. Alexander, Fawcett and Runicnan (2006) suggest cognitive techniques in breaking down movement. They suggest breaking down the task of getting out of bed in the morning and describe that patients should stoop their knees so that feet are flat on the mattress and they the patient should swing knees in the direction that he wants to turn. The conterminous stage involves clasping both hands and lifting them straight up, straightening the elbows, then turning the head and swinging the arms in the same direction as the legs. Finally the patient can grip the edge of the mattress and adjust his stance until comfortable. When Mr Henderson is mobilising then it is im portant that he does not have any distractions and the nurse or other members of staff should not disturb or interrupt if at all possible as this could lead to freezing. The Parkinsons infirmity Society describe cueing strategies as external importee visual, auditory or preprioceptive or internal meaning cognitive.Visual cues could be touchstoneping over a cue in the floor, for shell tape can be placed on the floor in strips to help initiate in confined spaces when freezing has taken place. Tape can also be placed on the edges of stairs. Mr Henderson may also find utile to imagine he is taking steps up stairs and this may prompt movement. The nurse should ensure that the area is clutter free and this can exacerbate freezing. Auditory cues as the name suggests would indicate sound used to enhance movement. Metronomes have been described as a useful tool in support gait initiation. Counting out rhythms or singing and walking in time to this can be beneficial. Proprioceptive cues w hich means taking a step back before starting to walk rocking gently from font to side or marching on the stop before stepping.The nurse should ask Mr Henderson if he has experienced falls in the past year and frequency, obtaining as much information as possible about the falls, this can form part of the patients sagaciousness namely a Falls Risk Assessment. Nice (2004) provides clinical guidance on falls risk assessment and suitable referrals should be initiated to the physiotherapist who will help to improve balance and the occupational therapist can help to make Mr Hendersons home safer place to live by attending a home visit and suggesting suitable aids that can improve safety, maximising independence. One of the most devastating consequences of falling in older people is a fractured jazz of femur which can have significant impact on independence and quality of life. The nurse may suggest to Mr Henderson about wearing a hip protector, this again can improve confidence and als o help to protect the hip if her were to fall. A full explanation as to why this is being suggested should be provided allowing for informed choice.Falls can be as a result of loss of balance and posture, freezing, only being able to take small steps, or dyskinesia and it is important to use techniques such as cues to denigrate the risk of falls. Also physiotherapy input will help with exercise, improving balance and posture. Multidisciplinary collaborating is essential in proving effective care. The nurse can find out what strategies are being taught to Mr Henderson and the nurse can encourage continuation of these exercises in spite of appearance the ward environment. It is important to poke out to communicate with Mr Henderson allowing for evaluation in care and understanding what strategies are working and ones that are not. Once evaluated alternative strategies may be considered.Postural hypotension should be monitored/assessed for patients with Parkinsons as this increases the risk of falls as a result of dizziness or fainting in the drop in rakehell pressure. The patient should be supine for at least 10 minutes before taking a supine blood pressure reading. Then another reading should be taken within 3minutes of him standing up from the supine position. The nurse should be aware the dizziness the patient may experience when standing up should be standing next to him when she does the reading. If there is a significant fall in systolic blood pressure, by 20mmHg or goes below 90mmHg then this would indicate that the person has postural hypotension.Strategies can be adopted to improve the deficit before considering pharmacological methods such as recommending gradual compression stockings to improve venous return and therefore blood pressure. For them to work efficiently they much be measured and fitted to ensure the correct pressure is applied to the legs and ensuring that Mr Henderson is achieving recommended fluid intake of 1500-2000ml per day.If Mr Henderson is in a bay of beds for example 6 beds, then his location within the room should be considered in relation to the toilet. The bed should be relatively close to the toilet, if his fluid intake perchance is being increased then frequency to micturate will potentially be increased. Mr Henderson is experiencing reduced mobility then bed position should be definitely considered to minimise the risk of unnecessary bowel or bladder incontinence. A commode may be considered and placed discretely closer to his bed for the evening or prep of urine bottles and buzzer placed in a position that is easily available.Appropriate footwear should be consider, the nurse should ensure that the are well fitted and not falling off increasing the risk of falls. The nurse should also check his feet or ensure there are no problems such as ingrown toe nails or blisters. The nurse should also ensure that Mr Hendersons vision is examined or glasses should be worn at all times if required as this co uld result in unnecessary falls.1299 wordsParkinsons Disease Question 2bWithin the substantia nigra and basal ganglia there is progressive degeneration of cells which produce the neurotransmitter dopamine. The substantia nigra is a strip of dark pigmented cells located in the midbrain and the basal ganglia are collections of nerve cells located in near the base of the cerebrum. When motor impluses are initiated in the motor cortex, they need to be modified by the basal ganglia and substantia nigra by modifying motor activity, posture and making fine adjustments to movement. This is contained within the extrapyramid motor organisation and within the system there is normally a fine balance of neurotransmitters dopamine and acytylcholine.Dopamine is inhabitory and acytylcholine is excitatory. Due to the reduction in dopamine there is bare of the excitory neurotransmitter acytlecholine resulting in excitable muscle tone and the symptoms associated with Parkinsons disease.Mr Hendersons has begun a new medication regime using co-careldopa used to regain and maintain the balance between dopamine and acytlecholine.Dopamine cannot be given on its own as it will fail to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a physiological barrier that prevents substances from getting crosswise from the blood stream and into the brain. Instead of dopamine, the drug levadopa is used which can cross the blood brain barrier and is then converted into dopamine. The dopamine then acts on dopamine receptors in the extrapyraminal motor system to maintain the neurotransmitter balance and therefore control the Parkinsons disease symptoms.When levadopa is administered it is broken down in the gut and liver by an enzyme called dopa decarboxylase, therefore combined with levadopa is a drug that inhibits the enzyme from breaking down levadopa is used which will lengthen the effects of levadopa meaning that less drug is required. This drug is called dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (cardidopa )This combination of levadopa can be provided as a preparation of one drug called co-careldopa or Sinemet (the brand name)There may be side effect such as nausea and vomiting, postural fall in blood pressure, constipation, and red stained urine. Mr Henderson must be made made aware of these side-effects and should inform the nurses when he is experiencing them. Domperidone can be used as an anti-emetic to stop the side-effects of nausea and vomitting. Blood pressure should be monitored for signs of postural hypotension and if required a medication review may be required, the nurse may ask the patient not to sit up or stand up too quickly.Parkinsons Disease 2c

A Comparison of the Roman and Mongol Empires

A Comparison of the roman and Mongol pudding stonesContentsIntroductionThe Roman EmpireJulius CaesarG all oernance trust plow and Warf arThe Mongols EmpireGenghis KhanGovernanceReligionWarfareMughal EmpireAkbar the EmperorGovernanceReligion and CultureCommon Characteristics of the Empires and EmperorsBorn to Wealthy, Political, and/or Kingship uphold from the bagGovernanceStrength for source of forcefulnessWarfare as a means of expansionRelevant lessonsBibliographyIntroductionOne of the lessons of biography is that crimson the deepest crises can be moments of opportunity. They bring ideas from the margins into the mainstream (Mulgan, 2009). Empires begin find and g bingle away but the lessons they brought to the human race remain in the minds of the race and documented in the books of world history. The word pudding stone has a very broad definition and some often misinterpret the word. To many it means dictatorship, war among civilisations, exploiting the poor, high pr ofile palaces and Kings and emperors alert in comfort ruling over a growing conquest. Although some part of all this is confessedly all of this is history in the world we cost in straightaway all that is left is lessons that they brought and the teachings that we still abide by even to this day history brings more to the table than most people set out to think because the governance structures used today, religions, cultures and arts are all brought by the historical world that is passed.In this paper, we are going to discuss the brief history of three empires in history that came in different eras looking at their history, their similarities and the lessons that can be worn from them. The focus will be mainly shed on governance and city planning but overly taking a look at how religion and culture influenced governance and to what extent. How artistry also played a part in planning the cities of the past and how all of these play a major role in our cities today.The empires that are going to be discussed include The Roman Empire, The Mongols Empire and the Mughal Empire. The structure of the paper is discussing the brief history of the above-mentioned empires single(a)ly then from there we look at the common characteristics that pull through in each empire that make them successful, this paper will further discuss the differences, the lessons that we can progeny from history that are still relevant today in terms of governance and city planning.The Roman EmpireSome scholars argue that the Roman Empire existed even during the Republic although to some extent this is true it was just never visible. It all started in capital of Italy a city-state that is located 25 kilometres from the mouth of the Tiber River. It consisted of high advanced culture and steadfast army which made it a caterful civilisation (Edward, 1979).Figure 1 Roman Empire (Anon, 2008)Julius CaesarJulius is seen as the engineer of the Empire, he was born to a blueish family in hund red B.C.E to a chief in the senate house of the Roman Republic. He rose in popularity in Rome. Popular with the troops and the people because of his conquest of frog A brilliant military commander. He was murdered on the 1fifth of March 44 B.C.E stabbed 23 clocks by the senate this triggered a civil war which saw Augustus take over the Republic and turning it into an Empire (Bladen, 2011).GovernanceRome transitioned from a Monarchy to a Republic then finally to an Empire. This gave a give notice distinction between the Proletariat and the bourgeoisie, the rich and the poor, women and men. Only a gathering of people were allowed to be citizens during the Roman Empire. It was find oneselfd over by one individual who was given the divine power due to power, wealth or any other valuable contributor. The Empire spread all over the Mediterranean sea as shown above by the picture, ruled by peace there was almost no warfare. This dictatorship system awaitd for the relaxation behavio r of the Empire (Garnsey Saller, 2014)ReligionThe Romans and conquered personnel brought many cults to the Empire they worshiped in churches and their homes, they made sacrifices and held festivals in their honour. Rituals were the main threshold of Roman Religion. Rome was the birth of early Christianity (Garnsey Saller, 2014).Trade and WarfareWith the consequence of trade routes and sea transport at the heart of Rome trade and warfare where the big driving factors to the growth of empire. Winning wars and conquering new territories gave Rome more resources they acquired new skills from captives, and more slaves that increased the working force (Hopkins, 1980).The Mongols EmpireBoasting at twice the land area of the Roman Empire The Mongols have the largest land empire in world history which stretched long and wide from Central Asia to Central Europe, over to the Sea Of Japan then to Siberia and Indian subcontinents and finally to Arabia (Khan, 1984).It existed from 1206 to 136 8. The Mongols were horse men which enabled them to grow their empire wider and further quicker. The acquiring of horses and other livestock enabled then to greatly enhance their military strength (Rachewiltz, 2013).Figure 2 Mongol Empire (Anon, 2010)Genghis KhanBorn to a politically strong family during the year 1161. Brilliant organizer and military mastermind he built the foundation of the Mongols Empire. He died on the 18th of August 1227 which triggered unrest to his grandsons that saw it relevant to grow what he started in memory of his life (Weatherford, 2004).GovernanceThe law was drawn up by Genghis Khan himself with a vital point of instating the Death Penalty which made the civilisation to be more peaceful. It was safe and well onslaught because anyone who goes against the rules set out would endure a hard penalty (Rachewiltz, 2013).The Non-democratic parliament central assembly was held at the Kurutai where members where the bureaucratic members of the civilisation and the chief was the only one allowed to directly communicate with the Emperor to discuss political and civil related information This dictatorship system continued for the rest of the Empire. Trade routes and postal systems were invented during this time (May, 2012).ReligionAlthough the Emperor allowed for religious freedom the transition of religious systems went from Buddhism to Christianity then finally to Islam. Although citizens were allowed to follow which ever religion they chose (Mumford, 1946).WarfareThey were generally horsemen which gave them an advantage over they foot soldiered opponents they travelled in 10s as they attacked (Saunders, 1971).Figure 3 Mongol Army (Anon, 2012)Mughal EmpireIn 1494 an 11 year old boy by the name of Babur inherited a Kingdom from his father, the elders thought it would better suit the interest of the empire to take away the kingdom from the boy and assume power driving him away from the land, but little did they cognize that the boy possesse d the power to come back and rule over his fathers empire. aft(prenominal) being banished he built an army so strong it could withhold any opposition. The conventional beginning of the empire begins when the army of Babur assumed victory over Ibrahim Lodi in the very first battle of Panipat in 1526. He was a brilliant general and a mastermind in war this is clear shown by his conquest of an army that had 100000 troops with his army of just merely 12000. He laid the main foundation of the Empire leaving his children to take the throne after he died (Schimmel, 2004).Figure 4 Mughal Empire (Anon, 2013)Akbar the EmperorBaburs son was the driving force in the small decline of the empire that was growing ever small because of his lack of brilliance in the war field. Akbar on the other grew the Empire through his knowledge and understanding of humans (Sharma, 1999). by and by conquering his opponents Akbar took the opportunity of growing the culture of his Empire by incorporating the cul tures into his Empire.GovernanceHe ruled as the divine ruler with the help from his Bureaucratic ordaineds which make part of a senate with the chief of the being the one that has direct communication to the Emperor. He approached the position with some element of ease. This dictatorship system continued for the rest of the Empire (Schimmel, 2004).Religion and CultureThe Empire was well rounded with different cultures and religions due to the brilliance of Akbar with his ability to blend cultures, He allowed for freedom of Religion this meant that anyone in the empire could worship their own God hes tolerance was seen when he married women from all different types religions and allowed them to practice in the palace (Schimmel, 2004).The official Religion in the Mughal Empire was Islam but the blending created a host of different cultures new ideas on education, art, politics and language (Sharma, 1999).Common Characteristics of the Empires and EmperorsBorn to Wealthy, Political, a nd/or KingshipThe most remembered people that gave a foundation to the respective empires were all born to highly recognized families. First we look at Julius Caesar who was born to a patrician family with the father part of the higher order of society which gave him the platform to be greater than his father that is why he continued on to lay a foundation for the Roman Empire (Bladen, 2011). Genghis Khan was born to a political and wealthy family which gave him the power and popularity to go on and exploit this side and take lodge to bringing the Mongol Empire (May, 2012). Babur was a son of a king that is why he was presented with the opportunity to rule, although his elders took it away hes nature to rule was fulfilled when he conquered Ibrahim Lodi and took over (Sharma, 1999).Continue from the foundationThe descendants of the foundation kings took over the Empires and grew them to greater heights. The children and grand-children grew the Empires to greater Heights. Augustus to ok Rome to another level of empire and so did the emperors that followed him (Bunson, 1994). gedei Khan was assigned by Genghis Khan to be his successor this proved crucial to the growth of the empire (Rachewiltz, 2013). Akbar the grandson of Babur grew the empire to become the largest land empire in history (Sharma, 1999).GovernanceThey all adopted governance structure according to what they thought would work for the current time, place and given resources.Strength for source of powerThe empires used the resources given to achieve what they managed to achieve. Looking at the Mongols they used horses to expand their territory because they could cover more land quicker and faster and it gave them an advantage over opponents at war.Warfare as a means of expansionThey fought to keep their empires and they fought to gather more land and power which was common to all the above empires as a means of expanding their territoryRelevant lessonsEventually the needs of the people are much grea ter than the needs of those in power, by addressing the needs of the people then you will be good in terms of popularity and your position in power will be solidified. This is shown by the Akbar in the Mughal he tolerated the conquered to continue their religion even after hes captured them (Schimmel, 2004). Freedom of religion gives power to the ruling class because it keeps the dwellers happy. Well assembled civilisations in terms of governance are safe and well run because everyone is happy because they can do whatever they want but abiding by the given rules. The death Penalty by Genghis Khan was a relevant governance structure. This reduces high level crimes like murder so this is a good lesson (May, 2012). How such a small group of Mongols Empire managed to conquered such a vast piece of land was because they were contempt in incorporating they groups that they win over into their empire and this meant that they didnt have some gentle of barrier that doesnt allow for outsider s so this meant cultures were well engineered to meet the cultural dynamic unlike most cultures that dont allow other cultures to enter. metropolis building was influenced by arts and culture that was in the empire and the desired taste of the Emperor because he has the final say on the building of the city. resultEach Empire has its own significant characteristics but at some point they overlap to some extent which means that they have some strong similarities as to how their Empires began which was due to the power hungry political children in an attempt to by-pass their parents success.How they handle their conquered territories is also different while some select to incorporate cultures some just choose to instate their own into the lives of the captives.We can draw a lot from history although we refuse to take the lessons and incorporate them because we think we know better and that history is irrelevant although it plays a vital role in our lives now and it will continue to i nfluence our ideas even in times to comeBibliographyAnon, 2008. 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